Research on EFT for Anxiety and Stress
This area represents the clinical research conducted on Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for anxiety and stress (symptoms and diagnostic conditions). Explore by title below. Where the paper is available free of charge in an open access journal, you can download it and use freely (on website, social media, newsletters). If it is behind a pay wall, you can freely share the abstract and reference but cannot share the full article, due to copyright.
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT): Tap to Relieve Stress and Burnout
Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exponentially increased stress, anxiety and burnout levels for all healthcare professionals and students. The psychological effects of working with COVID-19 patients and the physical stress of working under distressing conditions exacerbate an already stressed workforce. Working long hours, shift work, short staffing, demanding workloads, dealing with death and dying and conflicts with management, other staff and disciplines and poor communication between disciplines are among the issues that can lead to burnout, anxiety and depression. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) or tapping is a holistic practice that is easy to learn and apply to self and produces relief from stress, anxiety and the symptoms of burnout within minutes. There are many websites, videos, and tutorials which can teach and support the healthcare practitioner in the practice of EFT.
Citation (APA Style): Blacher, S. (2023). Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT): Tap to relieve stress and burnout. Journal of Interprofessional Education and Practice, 30, 100599. doi:10.1016/j.xjep.2023.100599
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405452623000010?via%3Dihub
EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) as an Alternative Therapy to Reduce Anxiety Disorders and Depression in People Who Are Positive Covid-19
Abstract
The increasing number of deaths from Covid-19 is in line with anxiety disorders and depression in people who are positive for Covid-19. The emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is known as an effective therapy to reduce mental health disorders in certain patients but has never been applied to people who are confirmed positive for Covid-19. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of EFT as an alternative therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in people who are positive for Covid-19. This research design uses a quasi-experimental approach with a one-group pretest and posttest approach. A total of 22 people were isolated in the Health Training Unit (UPELKES) provided by the Pontianak Government of Indonesia in June 2021. The data analysis technique used paired t-test (95% CI). There was a significant decrease in anxiety (t value = 6,738) and depression scores (t value = 2,585) after EFT therapy was given (p-value < 0.05). Thus, EFT can be an alternative therapy in overcoming anxiety and depression disorders in people who are confirmed positive for Covid-19.
Citation (APA Style): Tambunan, M. B., Suwarni, L., Setiawati, L., & Mardjan, M. (2022). EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) as an alternative therapy to reduce anxiety disorders and depression in people who are positive Covid-19. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 11(1), 59-68. doi:10.30872/psikostudia
Direct link: https://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/PSIKO/article/view/7104
Emotional Freedom Techniques (tapping) to Improve Wellbeing and Reduce Anxiety in Primary School Classrooms
Abstract
The use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) as a class exercise was investigated to ascertain its effectiveness for student wellbeing. Although EFT has been validated in clinical settings, studies have not yet established whether this approach could be applied in classrooms to curb anxiety and improve wellbeing. A pragmatic, mixed methods study was conducted with 138 students in northern Australian primary schools. Student anxiety dissipated over two stages of intervention. Aside from class tapping sessions, students sometimes tapped surreptitiously, and teachers applied tapping for themselves on occasions. Students generally preferred a quieter, individual approach during class tapping sessions. Broader themes derived from student and teacher data suggested that tapping is a mechanism for change, the skills are transferable, and unsurprisingly, tapping is not always effective. EFT supports social and emotional learning and aligns with the Australian school curriculum. Findings suggest EFT used in classrooms can benefit students and teachers.
Citation (APA Style): Lambert, M. T., Smith, S. E., Moss, S., & Kirshbaum, M. N. (2022). Emotional Freedom Techniques (tapping) to improve wellbeing and reduce anxiety in primary school classrooms. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 47(3). doi:10.14221/ajte.2022v47n3.5
Direct link: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol47/iss3/5/
Effects on Anxiety and Vital Signs of the Emotional Freedom Technique and Music Before Surgery for Lumbar Disc Hernia
Abstract
Context: Patients hospitalized for surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are adversely affected psychologically, with fury, anger, helplessness, anxiety, and depression being observed in patients. Anxiety in particular is a common problem, with an incidence of around 90%.
Objective: This study intended to determine the effects on patients’ anxiety and vital signs of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) and music before LDH surgery.
Design: The research team designed a quasi-experimental study.
Setting: The research was carried out in the neurosurgery clinic of a university hospital in Turkey.
Participants: Participants were 162 adult patients at the clinic who had LDH surgery between February 2018 and September 2019.
Intervention: Using the nonprobability sampling method, participants were allocated to one of three groups: (1) 54 to the music group, an intervention group; (2) 54 patients to the EFT group, an intervention group; and (3) 54 to the control group.
Outcome Measures: The Patient Information Form, Life Findings Form, Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–State Anxiety (STAI-S) were used to collect data. In the data analysis, the numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations, and chi-square values were found, and the t test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the dependent and independent groups, respectively. The Tukey test was used for further analysis.
Results: EFT and music were determined to significantly reduce participants’ state anxiety and subjective discomfort (p<0.001). EFT significantly reduced the pulse and respiratory rates and the systolic blood pressure, and music significantly lowered the diastolic and systolic blood pressures (p<0.05). Further analyses showed that EFT was more effective on state anxiety and reducing the respiratory rate than music.
Conclusions: Both music and EFT before LDH surgery reduced anxiety and regulated vital signs, and EFT was found to be more effective than music in regulating anxiety and respiratory rate.
Citation (APA Style): Cici, R., & Özkan, M. (2021). Effects on anxiety and vital signs of the Emotional Freedom Technique and music before surgery for lumbar disc hernia. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 27(12).
Direct link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097649/
Efficacy of Emotional Freedom Technique and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Short-term Memory, Psychophysiological Coherence and Heart Rate in Indian Adults
Abstract
World Health Organization reported depression as the fourth leading cause of mental illness worldwide and one of the leading causes of disabilities among adults. Living with depression may cause sleep deprivation, anxiety, stress, and short-term memory loss. This is because the individual’s mind may be occupied with negative thoughts. Depression affects a person’s feelings, thinking, daily functioning, processing speed, memory, and executive functions. National Mental Health Survey of India in 2015–2016 reports that one in 20 Indians suffers from depression. Earlier research indicated that cognitive behavioral Therapy (CBT) represents a superior approach in treating mild to severe depression symptoms, and Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) received increased attention. The present study is in line with a study conducted in Australia in 2016 by Hannah Chatwin et al. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of EFT and CBT in the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression, short-term memory loss, psychophysiological coherence, and heart rate in Indian young adults. Subjects (n = 14), selected at random, from Ahmedabad (a metro city) in India, were screened for stress, anxiety, and depression using Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS21) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2). They were also screened for short-term memory (STM) using Digit Span test, which allowed assessments of each participant’s initial complaints of forgetfulness, difficulty in concentrating, and confusion. Their psychophysiological coherence score and heart rate were recorded pre- and postinterventions using emWave system. These subjects were randomly assigned to an eight once a week CBT or EFT treatment program. All participants were screened after three sessions, five sessions, eight sessions and six months’ follow-up using DASS21, BDI2, and Digit Span Test. They were also screened after one month for stress, anxiety, and depression using DASS21 and BDI2. Findings of the study depicted that both intervention approaches produced significant reductions in stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms and concurrent improvement in short-term memory (STM), psychophysiological coherence, and heart rate. The EFT treatment produced marked improvement in depression after three sessions. After eight weeks of intervention, the CBT group reported significant improvement in depression and short-term memory, while EFT intervention therapy showed significant improvement in depression state after one month and at six months’ follow-up. Examination of individual cases showed, clinically significant improvement in stress, anxiety, depression symptoms, short-term memory, and psychophysiological coherence across both interventions. The results are consistent with the previous studies by Hannah Chatwin et al. (2016). Present findings suggest that EFT would be an effective intervention therapy in managing stress, anxiety, depression, and STM and worthy of further investigation.
Citation (APA Style): Jasubhai, S. (2021). Efficacy of Emotional Freedom Technique and cognitive behavioural therapy on stress, anxiety, depression, short-term memory, psychophysiological coherence and heart rate in Indian adults. Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Care, 2(4). doi:03.2021/1.10025
App-based Delivery of Clinical EFT: Cross-sectional Study of App User Self-ratings
Abstract
Background
The burgeoning area of mobile health (mHealth) has experienced rapid growth in mobile apps designed to address mental health issues. Although abundant apps offer strategies for managing symptoms of anxiety and stress, information regarding their efficacy is scarce.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the effect of an mHealth app on user self-ratings of psychological distress in a sample of 270,461 app users. The Tapping Solution App guides users through the therapeutic protocols of Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), an evidence-based psychophysiological intervention that combines acupressure with elements of cognitive and exposure therapies.
Methods
App users provided self-ratings of emotional intensity before and after app sessions (termed “tapping meditations”) using an 11-point Subjective Units of Distress scale. App user data for 23 tapping meditations, which addressed psychological symptoms of anxiety and stress, were gathered between October 2018 and October 2019, totaling 380,034 completed app sessions.
Results
Across 12 anxiety-tapping meditations, the difference in emotional intensity ratings from presession (mean 6.66, SD 0.25) to postsession (mean 3.75, SD 0.30) was statistically significant (P<.001; 95% CI −2.92 to −2.91). Across 11 stress-tapping meditations, a statistically significant difference was also found from presession (mean 6.91, SD 0.48) to postsession (mean 3.83, SD 0.54; P<.001; 95% CI −3.08 to −3.07). The results are consistent with the literature on the efficacy of Clinical EFT for anxiety and stress when offered in conventional therapeutic formats.
Conclusions
The findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the mHealth app in the immediate reduction of self-rated psychological distress. As an adjunct to professional mental health care, the app promises accessible and convenient therapeutic benefits.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., Stapleton, P. & Sabot, D. (2020). App-based delivery of Clinical EFT: Cross-sectional study of app user self-ratings. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(10), e18545.
Direct link: https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/10/e18545/
Breathing Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques on Public Speaking Anxiety in Turkish Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract
Background and Objective
Public speaking is a common challenge that university students have to face. This study aims to determine the effects of Breathing Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on public speaking anxiety in Turkish nursing students.
Methods
This randomized controlled study included 76 nursing students. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Speech Anxiety Scale.
Results
Before the administration of Breathing Therapy and EFT, the students’ median scores from the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Speech Anxiety Scale were similar. However, the median scores of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Speech Anxiety Scale scores significantly decreased in both of the experimental groups after the interventions (p < 0.001). EFT (d = 3.18) was more effective than Breathing Therapy (d = 1.46) in reducing speech anxiety.
Conclusion
It was found that Breathing Therapy and EFT are effective methods to reduce stress, anxiety, and speaking anxiety.
Citation (APA Style): Dincer, B., Özçelik, S. K., Zülfünaz, Ö. Z. E. R., & Bahçecik, N. (2020). Breathing therapy and emotional freedom techniques on public speaking anxiety in Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled study. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 18(2), 226-233. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.006
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550830720303761?via%3Dihub
Effectiveness of Music Therapy and Emotional Freedom Technique on Test Anxiety in Turkish Nursing Students: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Abstract
Introduction: Test anxiety, one of the forms of situational anxiety, is a crucial biopsychological factor negatively affecting the wellbeing and academic performance of students throughout their education. The study aimed to determine the effects of music therapy and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) on situational anxiety and vital signs in nursing students before they took an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Exam).
Methods: This study was conducted with 90 volunteer students. A computer-based random number generator was used to randomly assign the students into three groups (Music, EFT, and control); each group consisted of 30 students. Data were collected using a Student Identification Form, the Situational Anxiety Scale, and the Vital Signs Form.
Results: Before the interventions, the mean anxiety scores of the students were similar. After the interventions, however, the mean anxiety scores of those in both experimental groups were significantly lower (p < .05). The difference between the mean vital signs of the groups was not statistically significant, except the pulse rate in the EFT and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the music group.
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, both music therapy and EFT led to a decrease in the nursing students’ average scores before the OSCE, as measured by the Situational Anxiety Scale.
Citation (APA Style): İnangil, D., Vural, P. I., Doğan, S., & Körpe, G. (2020). Effectiveness of music therapy and emotional freedom technique on test anxiety in Turkish nursing students: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 33, 101041.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876382019306699?via%3Dihub
EFT: Stress And Anxiety Management For Students And Staff In School Settings
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), more commonly known as tapping, is an emerging, research-based intervention that has been found to be an effective stress and anxiety management tool for students and school personnel. EFT uses cognitive behavior therapy techniques, such as awareness building, imaginal exposure, reframing of interpretation, and systematic desensitization, while teaching the individual to self-stimulate protocol-identified acupoints. The use of EFT with children and adolescents is relatively new, and therefore, research on its effectiveness is limited. Within the last decade, initial results have indicated that EFT assists students in reducing anxiety and the fear of failure and in improving self-esteem and compassion within a few sessions. This chapter examines relevant EFT research and the use of EFT with school-age children and adolescents. In addition, it discusses the importance of formal training in EFT for school practitioners and ethical considerations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H. (2020). Emotional freedom techniques: Stress and anxiety management for students and staff in school settings. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Applying psychology in the schools. Promoting mind—body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (p. 283—297). American Psychological Association.
Direct link: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-51669-020
EFT as a Tool to Resolve Anxiety: A Case Study Approach
Abstract
Background: The present work examines the extent to which Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is effective as a tool in resolving anxiety. In recent years, various mental health professionals have been focusing on the use of alternative therapies like Thought Field Therapy (TFT), hypnotherapy, past life regression therapy, and Reiki, but there is a paucity of empirical research on the underlying factors for managing emotional challenges and turmoil.
Objective: One of the latest techniques, EFT, was established by Gary Craig. Case study method was used for the present case of one individual who had a very high level of anxiety.
Measures: To measure the level of anxiety, the Subjective Units of Discomfort (SUD) scale, as an introspective technique for experienced emotional and psychosomatic discomfort, was used as a pre and post measure.
Findings: Major findings were at two levels: a) intensive effect of one traumatic event on the adult life (in this case anger leading to performance anxiety and fear of authority), and b) how EFT helps a person to understand and handle emotions in a positive manner. The implication of the study is that the person who practices EFT regularly would be in a better position to understand and handle disturbing emotions. It is a cost-effective, easy to learn, simple to use tapping technique that can be used anywhere, anytime, and any number of times in a day. It can be used for all emotions and body pains.
Citation (APA Style): Pandey, N. (2020). EFT as a tool to resolve anxiety: A case study approach. International Journal of Psycho-Social Research (IJPSR), 9(1).
The Use Of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) In Women With Panic Disorder: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Panic disorder is a disabling condition associated with reduced quality of life and impaired functioning. It is one of the most common mental health conditions in the United States and several European countries, and causes a significant burden of disease on impacted families. Typically, women have double the prevalence rate of anxiety-related disorders as compared to men. This preliminary study aimed to explore whether Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) offers potential as a treatment to reduce fear of future panic attacks in women who suffer from panic attacks. Eight women participated in the study. Outcomes were measured using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale and the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). Results indicated reductions in both SUD and PAS scores at pre- and post-intervention, though not statistically significant, likely due to the small sample size. Nonetheless, the findings of this study support preliminary evidence that EFT may offer potential as a treatment for women with panic disorder. Further research to confirm statistical significance and long-term impacts of EFT needs to be conducted.
Citation (APA Style): Taylor, E., Kalla, M., Freedom, J., & Crowley, K. (2020). The use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in women with panic disorder: A pilot study. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 12(2), 12—19. doi:10.9769/EPJ.2020.12.2.ET
Dismantling an Energy Psychology Technique for Communication Apprehension: A Randomized Mixed Methods Trial
Abstract
Reducing communication apprehension (CA) in university public speaking classes has been traditionally achieved by strategies such as skills training, rehearsal, preparation, and repeated performance. Yet, some highly anxious speakers require more intensive interventions. Recently, Energy Psychology (EP) protocols such as Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) and Primordial Energy Activation and Transcendence (PEAT) have significantly reduced CA after brief interventions. Other studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of the various components of selected EP protocols through dismantling studies. This study contributes to existing EP dismantling and CA studies by exploring the efficacy of two modified PEAT protocols. Participants (N = 51) were randomly placed into one of three groups: a modified PEAT acupressure group, a modified PEAT non-acupressure group, and a no-treatment control group. Mixed method analyses did not find a significant difference in CA scores (p < .05) or reported subjective experiences between groups at posttest, and highly anxious speakers benefitted more from the public speaking course than less anxious ones. The authors suggest that dismantling the original PEAT technique may have limited its efficacy and further study on PEAT for CA is required.
Citation (APA Style): Fitch, J., III, Kimmel, K., Fairchild, J., & DiGirolamo, J. (2019). Dismantling an energy psychology technique for communication apprehension: A randomized mixed methods trial. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 11(2), 17—30. doi:10.9769/EPJ.2019.11.2.JF
Emotional Freedom Techniques and Breathing Awareness to Reduce Childbirth Fear: A Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract
Background
Emotional freedom techniques (EFT) and breathing awareness (BA) are applicable during labour. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of EFT and BA in the reduction of childbirth fear.
Materials and Methods
This randomized controlled study included 120 pregnant women, of whom the EFT, BA and control groups. The women in the EFT and BA groups were offered their intervention in the latent, active and transition phases of labour.
Results
There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic and obstetric factors between the groups (p”¯>”¯0.05). The Subjective Units of Distress Scale in active and transition phases were significantly lower in the EFT group. The difference in the scores for the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (version B) between the groups was significant (p”¯<”¯0.001).
Conclusions
Both EFT and BA were observed to be beneficial in clinical practice; the EFT was found to be more effective and permanent.
Citation (APA Style): Vural, P. I., & Aslan, E. (2019). Emotional freedom techniques and breathing awareness to reduce childbirth fear: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 35, 224-231.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1744388118303256?via%3Dihub
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy And Emotional Freedom Technique In Reducing Anxiety And Depression In Indian Adults
Abstract
WHO places Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), or depression, as the fourth leading cause of mental disability world-wide. According to a survey done by WHO in February 2017, found 7.5% of Indians suffer from major or minor mental disorders requiring expert intervention. National Mental Health Survey of India in 2015-2016 reports that one in 20 Indians suffer from Depression especially women in the age-group of 40-49 years suffers more. Earlier research indicated that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) represents a superior approach in treating mild to severe depression symptoms. Whereas Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) has received increased attention. The present study is in line with a study conducted in Australia in 2016 by Hannah Chatwin et al. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of CBT and EFT in the treatment of anxiety and depression in Indian adults. Random subjects (n = 10) were selected from Ahmedabad (a metro city) in India who were screened positive for anxiety disorder and depression using Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS21) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2). These subjects were randomly assigned to an 8 week CBT or EFT treatment program with 1 session per week. All participants were screened after 3 sessions, 5 sessions, 8 sessions and after 1 month of follow up using DASS21 and BDI2. Findings of the study depict that both intervention approaches produce significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The EFT treatment produced marked improvement in depression after 3 sessions. After 8 weeks of intervention, the CBT group reported significant improvement in depression while EFT intervention therapy showed significant results after 1 month of follow up. Examination of individual cases showed clinically significant improvement in anxiety and depression across both interventions. The results are consistent with the previous studies by Hannah Chatwin et al. (2016). Present findings suggest that EFT is of paramount importance as pivotal tool in managing anxiety and depression in Indian population.
Citation (APA Style): Jasubhai, S., & Mukundan, C. R. (2018). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques in reducing anxiety and depression in Indian adults. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 20(2), 403-410. DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000403
Effect of EFT Tapping on Anxiety and Quality of Life
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a new therapeutic technique in energy psychology has positive effects on psychological and physiological symptoms, and quality of life. It has deep roots in modern psychology as well as the ancient science of acupuncture. It is also called tapping because EFT involves tapping with your fingertips on acupoints on your body. Studies were conducted to understand the effect of EFT Tapping on anxiety and quality of life in adults. Ethical approval was secured. Clients over the age of 20 years and staying in the Delhi NCR area were invited to participate in a two-week intervention program. At the start and end of their intervention, participants were asked to complete STAT and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. Sixty-five participants gave consent, 61 completed questionnaires, and 46 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The range in age was 20-75 years. The researcher conducted three tapping sessions in a time span of two weeks. The main presenting conditions were anxiety. STAT and WHOQOL-BREF scores showed both emotionally and statistically significant improvements after the intervention. Statistically there was significant improvement for anxiety and quality of life (all p < 0.001). Mean anxiety scores improved from 8.3250 (high) at start to 6.9750 (average). Mean quality of life scores improved from 65.5313 at start to 67.1125 (higher mean shows better quality of life) at end (SD = 6.81, p < 0.001). Improvements were seen in all participants. Despite the limited sample size and other limitations, significant improvements were shown. The results support the potential of EFT as a cost-effective intervention to reduce anxiety and thereby help improve quality of life. However, there were few data available comparing EFT to standard-of-care treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and further research is needed to establish the relative efficacy of EFT to established protocols.
Citation (APA Style): Warrier, A. (2018). Effect of EFT tapping on anxiety and quality of life. Phonix International Journal for Psychology and Social Sciences (PIJPS), 2(2), 53–73.
Group Counseling With Systematic Desensitization And EFT To Reduce Public Speaking Anxiety
Abstract
Background: Public speaking is one of basic competencies that must be mastered by students. However, there are many students who experience public speaking anxiety, and score high on assessments of the condition. This study examined the effectiveness of group counselling sessions using two methods: systematic desensitization and emotional freedom technique (EFT). The two methods were each administered in two group counselling sessions. 16 students having high levels of public speaking anxiety were chosen from a group of 100 students by using purposive sampling. The results were analyzed using mixed anova repeated measures tests. These showed that both systematic desensitization and EFT were effective in reducing public speaking anxiety when delivered in a group counselling format. Based on score and time, EFT resulted in greater decreases in symptoms than systematic desensitization. Further research could determine whether additional EFT treatments would result in greater decreases in public speaking anxiety among students.
Citation (APA Style): Madoni, E. R., Wibowo, M. E., & Japar, M. (2018). Group counseling with systematic desensitization and EFT to reduce public speaking anxiety. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 7(1), 28-35.
Direct link: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jubk/article/view/22679/10732
The Effect Of Emotional Freedom Techniques On Patients With Dental Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Abstract
This pilot study explored the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) as a treatment for dental anxiety. Participants (N = 8) were dental patients with anxiety. Four were assigned to the experimental EFT group and four to a non-treatment control condition (reading a golf magazine). The intervention consisted of a variant of EFT involving tapping acupressure points without verbalizing cognitive affirmations. Participants were assessed using the STAI-S(sf), six questions from the State subset of the anxiety scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to create the short form of the questionnaire. Each participant visualized being present in a dental chair while the researcher recounted aloud a list of dental triggers specific to each participant. The participant then completed the STAI assessment, followed by either the acupressure tapping intervention or reading a magazine (for the control group). After this one brief (four-minute) intervention or reading period, participants again listened to the list of their specific dental triggers read aloud and were then retested while again listening to their list of triggers. The mean STAI-S(sf) scores obtained by the control group before (x = 62) and after (x = 59) differed by only 3 points (—6%). In contrast, the mean STAI-S(sf) score obtained by the EFT group before tapping acupressure points (x = 72) dropped 26 points (x = 46, —35%). An ANOVA revealed a statistically significant within subjects main effect of Time (F = 6.76, p = .04), and a Treatment Group x Time interaction (F = 4.42, p = .08), which approached statistical significance. These data are consistent with previous EFT studies and a recent meta-analysis of EFT treatment for anxiety and phobias, and suggest that a very brief, one-session treatment of acupressure tapping can be effective in rapidly reducing dental anxiety.
Citation (APA Style): Saleh, B., Tiscione, M., & Freedom, J. (2017). The effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on patients with dental anxiety: A pilot study. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(1), 26—38. doi:10.9769/EPJ.2017.9.1.BS
Direct link: https://energypsychologyjournal.org/effect-of-eft-on-patients-with-dental-anxiety/
Effectiveness Of A School-Based EFT Intervention For Promoting Student Wellbeing
Abstract
Background: In academic settings, fear of failure and associated emotional difficulties are common and often result in maladaptive behaviours, which often lead to failure or lowered scholastic achievement. Higher levels of self-esteem and resilience have been shown to protect against fear of failure and emotional difficulties, and predict improved academic outcomes in students. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of group intervention methods aimed at improving self-esteem and resilience. We aimed to measure the effects of using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), an emerging therapeutic technique that incorporates elements of acupuncture, exposure therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and somatic stimulation to target negative thoughts and feelings, as a universal intervention for high school and college students.
Methods: This study represented a non-randomised universal intervention, utilising both within and between-subject designs. The EFT intervention groups (N = 204) were drawn from two different school cohorts. The intervention aimed to improve four participant characteristics that have been shown to play a role in influencing academic success: global self-esteem, resilience (ability to adapt to change and cope with stress), total difficulties and fear of failure (cognitive, motivational, and relational appraisals of failure). These characteristics were utilised as outcome variables in the present study and measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Conners-Davidson Resilience Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Performance Failure Appraisal Index-Short Form.
Results: Results showed a significant improvement in fear of failure, whereby fears were significantly lower from pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up. Findings also indicated a significant main effect of time for emotional and behavioural difficulties, however post hoc tests indicated no statistically significant changes between the time points measured. No significant changes were observed in measures of self-esteem or resilience.
Conclusion: This non-randomised universal intervention represents the first Australian study of the efficacy of a group treatment program within high schools, aimed at increasing student self-esteem and resilience, and decreasing fear of failure and emotional difficulties. The results suggested that EFT might be an effective group intervention for some students decreasing their fear of failure; however, further research is required.
Citation (APA Style): Stapleton, P., Mackay, E., Chatwin, H., Murphy, D., Porter, B., Thibault, S., … & Pidgeon, A. (2017). Effectiveness of a school-based Emotional Freedom Techniques intervention for promoting student wellbeing. Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(2), 112-126.
Direct link: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/86643
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Reduces Anxiety Among Women Undergoing Surgery
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is common in patients awaiting surgical procedures. It typically begins as soon as the procedure is planned and continues to the day of surgery. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based method called Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for anxiety among women undergoing obstetric and gynecological (OBG) surgeries.
Methods: Women admitted for OBG surgeries were selected through consecutive sampling. Preinterventional anxiety was assessed using the Modified Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, which has subscales for psychological and somatic anxiety. Fifty participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for moderate to severe anxiety were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. Participants in the experimental group received two 10-minute sessions of EFT, the first session on the day prior to surgery and the second session on the day of surgery. Both groups received treatment as usual (TAU). Post anxiety scores were assessed immediately before participants were shifted to the operating theater.
Results: The two groups were similar at baseline. While there was no change in anxiety in the control group, anxiety scores in the EFT group dropped from 27.28 (± 2.47) to 7.60 (± 2.00) and were highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Reductions in both psychological and somatic anxiety subscales were also significant (p < 0.002).
Conclusion: EFT is a simple, cost effective, and evidence-based method that can be used in reducing the anxiety of patients undergoing surgery.
Citation (APA Style): Thomas, R. M., Cutinho, S. P., & Aranha, D. M. S. (2017). Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) reduces anxiety among women undergoing surgery. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(1), 18—25. doi:10.9769/EPJ.2017.9.1.RT
Direct link: https://energypsychologyjournal.org/eft-reduces-anxiety-among-women-undergoing-surgery/
A Randomized Controlled Comparison Of Emotional Freedom Technique And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy To Reduce Adolescent Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) with that of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing adolescent anxiety.
Design: Randomized controlled study.
Settings: This study took place in 10 schools (8 public/2 private; 4 high schools/6 middle schools) in 2 northeastern states in the United States.
Participants: Sixty-three high-ability students in grades 6-12, ages 10-18 years, who scored in the moderate to high ranges for anxiety on the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale-2 (RCMAS-2) were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 21), EFT (n = 21), or waitlist control (n = 21) intervention groups.
Interventions: CBT is the gold standard of anxiety treatment for adolescent anxiety. EFT is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety that incorporates acupoint stimulation. Students assigned to the CBT or EFT treatment groups received three individual sessions of the identified protocols from trained graduate counseling, psychology, or social work students enrolled at a large northeastern research university.
Outcome measures: The RCMAS-2 was used to assess preintervention and postintervention anxiety levels in participants.
Results: EFT participants (n = 20; M = 52.16, SD = 9.23) showed significant reduction in anxiety levels compared with the waitlist control group (n = 21; M = 57.93, SD = 6.02) (p = 0.005, d = 0.74, 95% CI [-9.76, -1.77]) with a moderate to large effect size. CBT participants (n = 21; M = 54.82, SD = 5.81) showed reduction in anxiety but did not differ significantly from the EFT (p = 0.18, d = 0.34; 95% CI [-6.61, 1.30]) or control (p = 0.12, d = 0.53, 95% CI [-7.06, .84]).
Conclusions: EFT is an efficacious intervention to significantly reduce anxiety for high-ability adolescents.
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H., & Karan, O. C. (2017). A randomized controlled comparison of Emotional Freedom Technique and cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce adolescent anxiety: A pilot study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(2), 102-108. doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0316
Direct link: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2015.0316
Tapping Your Way To Success: Using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) To Reduce Anxiety And Improve Communication Skills In Social Work Students
Abstract
By the nature of their professional training and practice placements, social work students are prone to situations provoking the onset of anxiety. A program of academic and placement support, termed the “Skills Lab,” provides help and support for students to develop their communication skills and prepare for their practice placements and transition into professional social work practice. Skills Lab evaluations indicated a high level of appreciation, linked with a strong sense of apprehension and anxiety, which some students report has negatively affected their performance. To address student anxiety, a pilot study using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) was developed. EFT is an intervention that may potentially be effective in reducing academic anxiety and in enhancing public speaking. This mixed-methods pilot study measured participants’ (n = 45) subjective distress and anxiety before and after using EFT. Subjective distress/anxiety was invoked through a 15-minute assignment lecture. Twelve of the 45 students also participated in one-to-one interviews to elaborate on their experiences of EFT. Quantitative findings indicated participants reported significantly less subjective distress and anxiety after using EFT. Qualitative findings indicated three themes whereby participants found EFT calming, relaxing, and helpful; considered the transferability of EFT in other settings; and proposed some of the mechanisms of EFT’s action.
Citation (APA Style): Boath, E., Good, R., Tsaroucha, A., Stewart, T., Pitch, S., & Boughey, A. J. (2017). Tapping your way to success: Using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to reduce anxiety and improve communication skills in social work students. Social Work Education, 36(6), 715-730. doi:10.1080/02615479.2017.1297394
Direct link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02615479.2017.1297394
Emotional Freedom Techniques for Anxiety: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) combines elements of exposure and cognitive therapies with acupressure for the treatment of psychological distress. Randomized controlled trials retrieved by literature search were assessed for quality using the criteria developed by the American Psychological Association’s Division 12 Task Force on Empirically Validated Treatments. As of December 2015, 14 studies (n = 658) met inclusion criteria. Results were analyzed using an inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. The pre-post effect size for the EFT treatment group was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.64; p < 0.001), whereas the effect size for combined controls was 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.67; p = 0.001). Emotional freedom technique treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety scores, even when accounting for the effect size of control treatment. However, there were too few data available comparing EFT to standard-of-care treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and further research is needed to establish the relative efficacy of EFT to established protocols.
Citation (APA Style): Clond, M., (2016). Emotional Freedom Techniques for Anxiety: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(5), 388-395. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000483.
Direct link: https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/abstract/2016/05000/emotional_freedom_techniques_for_anxiety__a.9.aspx
The Effect Of Emotional Freedom Technique On Stress And Anxiety In Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Background
Stress and anxiety have been identified as significant issues experienced by student nurses during their education. Some studies have suggested that the stress experienced by nursing students is greater than that experienced by medical students, other non-nursing healthcare students, degreed nurses, and the female population in general. A recently introduced energy type therapy, emotional freedom technique (EFT), has shown some success in reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and fear in a variety of settings.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of EFT in decreasing anxiety and stress as a potential intervention to assist students in stress management.
Design
The study used a mixed method design of both qualitative and quantitative measures. Quantitatively, in a one group pretest—posttest design, participants received group instruction in the technique and were encouraged to repeat it daily. Self-reported anxiety was measured at baseline, and then weekly for four weeks using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The qualitative survey was completed by participants at the end of the study in order to capture a more subjective experience.
Setting
The pilot study was conducted in a two-year college in the southeastern region of the United States.
Participants
All enrolled nursing students in an associate degree nursing program were invited to participate. Participation was voluntary, resulting in an original convenience sample of thirty-nine nursing students (N = 39).
Methods
Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, pretest State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). A qualitative questionnaire was also administered at the end of the four weeks. STAI and PSS were administered weekly. Data analysis using RMANOVA was performed at the second, third and the fourth week.
Results
Decreases in anxiety as measured on both the STAI and PSS were statistically significant (p = .05). For PSS, STAI state and trait data, the reduction in self-reported stress was statistically significant with a mean difference baseline to week 4. Qualitative data suggested that nursing students experienced a decrease in feelings of stress and anxiety including a decrease in somatic symptoms.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggested that EFT can be an effective tool for stress management and anxiety relief in nursing students.
Citation (APA Style): Patterson, S. L. (2016). The effect of emotional freedom technique on stress and anxiety in nursing students: A pilot study. Nurse Education Today, 40, 104-110.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260691716000617?via%3Dihub
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques in Reducing Depression and Anxiety Among Adults: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) places major depressive disorder (MDD), or depression, as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Some studies have found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) represents the most superior approach in treating mild to severe symptoms. Recent literature has indicated a number of limitations to this therapeutic approach. An approach that has received increasing attention within the literature is the emotional freedom technique (EFT).
Objective: The current pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT and EFT in the treatment of depression and comorbid anxiety.
Design: The research team designed a pilot study structured as a randomized, controlled trial with 2 intervention arms.
Setting: The study took place at Bond University in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Participants: Participants (n = 10) were local community members who had screened positive for a primary diagnosis of MDD.
Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to an 8-wk CBT or EFT treatment program, the intervention groups. A sample of individuals from the community was assessed for comparative purposes (control group) (n = 57).
Outcome Measures: Pre- and postintervention, all participants were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 6.0, and they completed the following validated questionnaires: (1) the Beck Depression Inventory, second edition (BDI-2) and (2) the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21).
Results: Findings revealed that both treatment approaches produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms, with the CBT group reporting a significant reduction postintervention, which was not maintained with time. The EFT group reported a delayed effect involving a significant reduction in symptoms at the 3- and 6-mo follow-ups only. Examination of the individual cases revealed clinically significant improvements in anxiety across both interventions.
Citation (APA Style): Chatwin, H., Stapleton, P., Porter, B., Devine, S., Sheldon, T. (2016). The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques in reducing depression and anxiety among adults: A pilot study. Integrative Medicine, 15(2), 27-34.
Direct link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27330487/
Emotional Freedom Technique: An Alternative Therapy in Destressing
Abstract
In the present-day competitive world, life is full of stress, especially for students who are on the threshold of a career. It has been accepted that emotional disharmony is one of the important factors in physical symptoms and disease. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is being widely used as an alternate healing method for freedom from stress/disease and has also shown astounding results in alleviating chronic illness. EFT is being used in medical and psychiatric circles as well as in the range of psychotherapies and healing disciplines. In this paper, an attempt was made to study the effects of EFT on subjects’ stress level. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant drop in the stress level of the subjects after using the technique. A sample of university students was selected and the results were noted. Pre and posttest design was used. It was concluded that the Emotional Freedom Technique had a positive effect on the stress level of subjects as they felt more relaxed, comfortable, and calm after going through EFT. The long-term benefits of this technique are discussed.
Citation (APA Style): Banerjee, P., Puri, A., & Luqman, N. (2015). Emotional Freedom Technique: An alternative therapy in destressing. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management (IJAIEM), 4(9), 19—26.
Case Series of Panic Disorder Patients Treated with Oriental Medical Treatments and EFT
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of EFT on panic disorder patients.
Methods: Three patients with panic disorders were treated with oriental medical treatments which involved acupuncture, herbal medications, moxibustion and emotional freedom techniques. Participants were diagnosed with panic disorder using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), and assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) upon admission and discharge.
Results: After treatment, both physical and psychological symptoms decreased.
Conclusions: This study suggested that EFT is an effective method for treating patients with panic disorders.
Citation (APA Style): Lee, S-W., Lee, Y-J., Yoo, S-W., Lee, R-D., Park, S-J. (2014). Case series of panic disorder patients treated with Oriental Medical treatments and EFT. Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, 25(1), 13-28. doi:10.7231/jon.2014.25.1.013.
Direct link: http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/ksonp/HBSKB9/2014/v25n1/HBSKB9_2014_v25n1_13.pdf
Emotional Freedom Techniques And Anxiety Level Of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Abstract
Anxiety occurring before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) can aggravate the condition of disease, affecting hemodynamic status, immune disorders, and metabolic disorders that result in tissue perfusion and disruption of oxygen supply. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is one of the preferred interventions, based on literature demonstrating that EFT can reduce anxiety by ameliorating the stress response and also addressing the root causes of anxiety. The objective of the current study is to determine the effect of EFT intervention on the level of anxiety of patients undergoing PCI in Hospital X. The research employed a quasi-experimental method to design pretest and posttest groups. Using a consecutive sampling technique, 30 people were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received EFT for 15 minutes. Anxiety level was measured before and after intervention using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Data were analyzed by t test. The result showed significant differences between anxiety levels before and after the EFT intervention (p < 0.05) and significant differences in the intensity of anxiety after intervention between intervention and control groups (p < 0.05). The research conclusion is that EFT can reduce anxiety levels in patients undergoing PCI. EFT is a method that warrants consideration as an intervention based on empirical evidence, its ability to provide benefits, the fact that it is easy to learn and to do, and that it is without side effects.
Citation (APA Style): Shari, W. W., Suryani, S., & Emaliyawati, E. (2014). Emotional Freedom Techniques and anxiety level of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran [Padjadjaran Nursing Journal], 2(3), 133-145.
Direct link: https://jkp.fkep.unpad.ac.id/index.php/jkp/article/view/83/79
Interventions To Reduce Anxiety For Gifted Children And Adolescents
Abstract
This study examined the anxiety levels of gifted students, as well as the effectiveness of two interventions: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). Using the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale-2 (RCMAS-2), Phase I of this study examined anxiety levels in gifted youth (n = 153) participating in private and public gifted education programs, grades 6-12, in two Northeastern states. ANOVA analyses indicated that gender (F [1, 149] = 13.52, p< .001, h2= .08) and school setting (F [2, 149] = 21.41, p< .001, h2= .23) were significant factors in the anxiety levels of the gifted students. In Phase II, a randomized controlled research design was used to investigate the effectiveness of CBT and EFT interventions. Participants (n = 63) identified with moderate to high levels of anxiety on the pre treatment RCMAS-2 were assigned to one of three treatment groups: a) CBT, b) EFT, or c) a wait-listed control group. Treatment outcomes were measured using the RCMAS-2 post treatment scores and analyzed using ANCOVA with pre treatment RCMAS-2 scores serving as the covariate. EFT participants (n= 20, M = 52.163, SE = 1.42) showed significant reduction in anxiety levels when compared to the control group (n= 21, M = 57.93, SE = 1.39, p = .005). CBT participants (n= 21, M = 54.82, SE = 1.38) did not differ significantly from either the EFT or control groups (p = .12 and p = .18, respectively).
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H. (2014). Interventions to reduce anxiety for gifted children and adolescents (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/377 (Paper 377).
Direct link: https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/dissertations/377/
Reducing Mathematics Anxiety Among Students with Pseudo-dyscalculia in Ibadan Through Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom Techniques: Moderating Effect of Mathematics Efficacy
Abstract
Anxiety in mathematics is a critical challenge facing secondary school students in Nigeria. Previous studies with focus on the improvement of this challenge are scarce. Specifically, there is a paucity of studies using numerical cognition and Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in solving the above challenges. This study therefore investigated the effects of numerical cognition and EFT on mathematics anxiety among non-science students with pseudo-dyscalculia in Oyo State. Pretest, posttest, control group quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. One hundred and two students were sampled through simple random sampling. Mathematics Anxiety Scale (alpha = 0.89), Mathematics Efficacy (alpha = 0.86), and Pseudo-Dyscalculia Scale (alpha = 0.93) were administered to obtain data for the study. Therapeutic packages used for the intervention were numerical cognition and EFT. Seven hypotheses were tested at 0.01 level of significance. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed main effect of treatment on mathematics anxiety; F (2,109) = 173.020, p < 0.01. Meridian-based intervention (EFT) was more effective (mean = 33.78) than numerical cognition (mean = 45.35) in the reduction of mathematics anxiety. There was a significant main effect F(1, 109 = 21.00, p < 0.01), interactive effect F(2, 109 = 6.116, p < 0.01). of mathematics efficacy and treatment of mathematics anxiety of the participants. The two packages were effective in reducing mathematics anxiety among the participants. Based on the findings, educational psychologists, counseling psychologists, and other educational related bodies could adopt the packages for educational diagnosis to improve academic performance of students with academic phobia.
Citation (APA Style): Aremu, A. O., & Taiwo, A. K. (2014). Reducing mathematics anxiety among students with pseudo-dyscalculia in Ibadan through numerical cognition and emotional freedom techniques: Moderating effect of mathematics efficacy. African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, 17(1), 113—129.
Direct link: http://www.ajpssi.org/index.php/ajpssi/article/view/63
Reductions in Pain, Depression, and Anxiety After PTSD Symptom Remediation in Veterans
Abstract
A randomized controlled trial of veterans with clinical levels of PTSD symptoms found significant improvements after EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques). While pain, depression, and anxiety were not the targets of treatment, significant improvements in these conditions were found. Subjects (N = 59) received six sessions of EFT coaching supplementary to primary care. They were assessed using the SA-45, which measures 9 mental health symptom domains, and also has 2 general scales measuring the breadth and depth of psychological distress. Anxiety and depression both reduced significantly, as did the breadth and depth of psychological symptoms. Pain decreased significantly during the intervention period (— 41%, p < .0001). Subjects were followed at 3 and 6 months, revealing significant relationships between PTSD, depression, and anxiety at several assessment points. At follow-up, pain remained significantly lower than pretest. The results of this study are consistent with other reports showing that, as PTSD symptoms are reduced, general mental health improves, and that EFT produces long-term gains for veterans after relatively brief interventions.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., & Brooks, A. J. (2014). Reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety after PTSD symptom remediation in veterans. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 10(3), 162—169.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550830714000330?via%3Dihub
Can Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Be Effective In The Treatment Of Emotional Conditions? Results Of A Service Evaluation In Sandwell
Abstract
Objectives: A service evaluation was carried out to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in the NHS.
Setting: A dedicated EFT service, within the NHS in the district of Sandwell, West Midlands. Referrals were accepted for any emotional condition (including physical pain), provided that clients were over 18 and not “vulnerable adults”. Ethical approval was secured.
Method: Over a 13 month period, clients accessing the EFT service for a range of emotional conditions were invited to participate. Those who gave consent were included in the service evaluation. At the start and end of their treatment, clients were asked to complete the CORE10 (main outcome variable), WEMWBS, Rosenberg Self Esteem and HADS measurement scales. Clients completing their therapy were invited for a 3-month follow-up.
Results: Thirty-nine clients gave consent, and 31 completed therapy. A total of 77% werefemale, and 80% were White British. The mean age was 45 years (range 18-76),and mean number of sessions attended was 5 (median 4; range 2-17). The main presenting conditions were anxiety, depression and anger and clients revealed up to 4 additional issues. CORE10, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression scores showed both statistically and clinically significant improvements, with statistically significant improvement for WEMWBS (all p<0.01). Mean CORE10 scores improved from 20.16 (moderate severe) at start to 8.71 (normal) at end (SD difference=6.81, p<0.001). Improvements were seen in all but one client.
Conclusion: Despite the limited sample size and other limitations, significant improvements were shown. The results support the potential of EFT as a cost-effective treatment to reduce the burden of a range of physical and psychological disorders. Further larger studies are called for, with protocols to minimize drop-outs.
Citation (APA Style): Stewart, A., Boath, E., Carryer, A., Walton, I., & Hill, L. (2013). Can Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) be effective in the treatment of emotional conditions? Results of a service evaluation in Sandwell. Journal of Psychological Therapies in Primary Care, 2, 71-84.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876382014001073?via%3Dihub
Is Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Generalizable? Comparing Effects In Sport Science Students Versus Complementary Therapy Students
Abstract
Objectives: Previous research has shown Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to be effective in reducing presentation anxiety in student populations. Generalizability is a critical issue in research, and this study compared whether EFT is as effective in a cohort of younger, predominantly male students undertaking a sports science degree as in a cohort of all female, predominantly older complementary therapy students undertaking a foundation degree in complementary therapy.
Method: Two convenience samples of students were used. A cohort of students undertaking a foundation degree in complementary therapy (also known as CAM or Complementary and Alternative Medicine) and a cohort of students undertaking a sports science degree were informed of the research and invited to give their informed consent. Those who agreed were given a 15-min assignment workshop outlining the requirements for their assessed presentation by their module leads (authors Carryer and Boath).
Results: Table 1 shows the sociodemographic details of each student cohort. There was a significant difference in gender and age between the two cohorts of students. Men were predominant in the sports science degree group, whereas the complementary therapy group were all women. Complementary therapy students were also significantly older.
Discussion: This study demonstrates that EFT is effective in reducing presentation anxiety in cohorts of students regardless of age or gender. The findings are remarkably similar to previous research (Boath et al., 2012a, 2012b, 2013).
Conclusions: The results demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in anxiety level for both cohorts of students, as well as a clinically significant reduction in anxiety for the sports science students.
Citation (APA Style): Boath, E., Carryer, A., & Steward, A. (2013). Is Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) generalizable? Comparing effects in sport science students versus complementary therapy students. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(2), 29—34.
Tapping For Success: A Pilot Study To Explore If Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Can Reduce Anxiety And Enhance Academic Performance In University Students
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), also known as tapping, is an emerging psychological intervention that has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including exam stress and public speaking anxiety.
Participants were a convenience sample of 52 3rd year Foundation Degree level students undertaking a Research Methods Module. The module included an assessed presentation, which was known to generate anxiety among students. The students were given a 15 minute assignment workshop. They then received a 15 minute lecture introducing EFT and were guided though one round of EFT focussing on their anxiety of public speaking. The students were assessed using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) pre and post EFT. The students were instructed that they could continue to use EFT at any time to reduce their anxiety regarding their assessed presentation. Immediately following their presentation, the students were invited to take part in a brief face- to-face interview to identify those who used EFT to explore their use of and feelings about EFT and to identify those who had chosen not to use EFT and explore their reasons for not choosing to use it.
Forty Six of the total sample of 52 students (88%) participated in the research. There was a significant reduction in SUDS (p=p<0.001), HAD (p = 0.003) and HAD Anxiety Subscale (p<0.001). There was no difference in the HAD Depression Subscale (p=0.67). The qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach which revealed the following three themes: helpfulness of EFT in reducing anxiety and staying calm and focussed; Using other complementary therapy skills; and their reasons for not using EFT.
Citation (APA Style): Boath, E., Stewart, A, & Carryer, A. (2013). Tapping for success: A pilot study to explore if Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) can reduce anxiety and enhance academic performance in university students. Innovative Practice in Higher Education, 1(3), 1-13.
Direct link: https://journals.staffs.ac.uk/index.php/ipihe/article/view/147
The Effectiveness Of Emotional Freedom Techniques For Optimal Test Performance
Abstract
Test anxiety causes, effects and interventions have been widely studied. This study seeks to determine the efficacy of a single brief intervention–Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)–to support the ability to shift attention appropriately to achieve optimal levels of both test anxiety and test performance. The sample consisted of 150 undergraduates from three universities in the Inland Northwest USA with debilitating test anxiety who were randomly assigned to 3 different groups. Group 1 learned EFT, Group 2 learned Diaphragmatic Breathing (DB), and Group 3 served as a no-treatment control. Participants in the two experimental groups received two 2-hour lessons. The Sarason RTT, SA-45 and Westside instruments were administered as pre- and post- measures, with a second follow-up at the end of the semester. Subsequent ANOVAs revealed significant improvements in both the diaphragmatic breathing and EFT groups on most measures, with gains maintained on follow-up.
Citation (APA Style): Jain, S., & Rubino, A. (2012). The effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques for optimal test performance. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4(2), 15-25. doi:10.9769.EPJ.2012.4.2.SJ
Tapping for PEAS: Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) in reducing Presentation Expression Anxiety Syndrome (PEAS) in University Students
Abstract
Presentation anxiety is one of the most common fears that people express. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) which is also known as tapping is an emerging complementary therapy that has been used to treat a variety of phobias. Participants were a convenience sample of 25 3rd year Foundation Degree level complementary therapy students undertaking a Research Module. The module included an assessed presentation, which was known to generate anxiety among students. The students were given a 15 minute assignment workshop .They then received a 15 minute lecture introducing EFT and were then guided though one round of EFT focussing on their fear of public speaking. The students were assessed using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) pre and post EFT. Immediately following their presentation, the students were invited to take part in a brief face to face interview to explore their use of and feelings about EFT. Twenty one of the total sample of 25 students (84%) participated in the research. There was a significant reduction in SUDS (p=0.002), HAD (p = 0.048) and HAD Anxiety Subscale (p=0.037). There was no difference in the HAD Depression Subscale (p=0.719). The qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach which revealed 3 themes: nerves, novelty and the practical application of EFT. Despite the limitations of the study, the results suggest that EFT may be a useful addition to curricula for courses that include oral presentations.
Citation (APA Style): Boath, L. (2012). Tapping for PEAS: Emotional freedom technique (EFT) in reducing presentation expression anxiety syndrome (PEAS) in university students. Innovative Practice in Higher Education, 1(2).
Direct link: https://journals.staffs.ac.uk/index.php/ipihe/article/view/165
Efficacy of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in Reducing Public Speaking Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Thirty-six volunteers with Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) were randomly allocated into a treatment group and wait-list control group. Subjective self-report measures were taken before, during, and after a forty-five minute treatment session with Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). Behavioural observations were recorded during a 4-minute speech immediately after treatment. Comparisons between groups revealed significant reductions in PSA on all self-report measures, but not in behavioural observations. Changes in scores taken before and after treatment for each participant revealed significant reduction in PSA on all subjective and behavioural measures. A significant reduction in PSA as measured by Subjective Units of Discomfort was demonstrated within the first 15 minutes of treatment with EFT, with further significant reductions also demonstrated at 30 and 45 minutes. EFT was found to be a quick and effective treatment for PSA.
Citation (APA Style): Jones, S. J., Thornton, J. A., & Andrews, H. B. (2011). Efficacy of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in reducing public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(1), p 33-42.
Psychological Symptom Change After Group Application Of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)
Abstract
A study by J. E. Rowe (2005) examined the effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety. The sample (N = 102) consisted of participants at a weekend workshop taught by the originator of EFT. Rowe found significant improvements in psychological symptoms from pre- to post-workshop assessments, with significant participant gains maintained on follow-up.
The current study examined whether the improvements were attributable to the founder of EFT alone or whether similar effects are noted when EFT is delivered by others. This study examined samples of participants at 4 different conferences, in which EFT was taught by others (N = 102).
In all 4 conferences, there were significant improvements in the severity and breadth of symptoms pre- and post-workshop (p < .001), and following 3 of the 4 conferences there were significant long-term gains (p < .001).
The results indicate that EFT may be effective at reducing psychological symptoms when delivered by individuals other than the method’s founder and that EFT may reliably improve long-term mental health when delivered in brief group treatments.
Citation (APA Style): Palmer-Hoffman, J., & Brooks, A. J. (2011). Psychological symptom change after group application of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2(1), 57-72. doi:10.9769.EPJ.2011.3.1.JPH
Reducing Anxiety In Dental Patients Using EFT: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Adult patients awaiting dental treatment were screened for self-reported anxiety using an 11 point Likert scale. Those in the higher half of the range (N = 30) received a 10 minute intervention consisting of a 4 minute EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) explanation and 6 minute treatment. All patients reported a decrease in subjective anxiety, with a mean pre-treatment score of 8.03 and a post-treatment score of 3.03. Paired t-tests revealed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001). These results are consistent with other published reports of EFTs efficacy for anxiety. They suggest that even a very brief EFT intervention can reduce anxiety and that a further controlled trial with both observer- and participant-rated measures should be undertaken.
Citation (APA Style): Temple, G. P., & Mollon, P. (2011). Reducing anxiety in dental patients using EFT: A pilot study. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(2), 53-56.
Direct link: https://www.drscottsaunders.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Temple_EFT_dental_anx.pdf
The Effect of a Brief EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) Self-Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Pain and Cravings in Healthcare Workers
Abstract
This study examined whether self-intervention with Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), a brief exposure therapy that combines a cognitive and a somatic element, had an effect on healthcare workers’ psychological distress symptoms. Participants were 216 attendees at 5 professional conferences. Psychological distress, as measured by the SA-45, and self-rated pain, emotional distress, and cravings were assessed before and after 2-hours of self-applied EFT, utilizing a within-subjects design. A 90-day follow-up was completed by 53% of the sample with 61% reporting using EFT subsequent to the workshop. Significant improvements were found on all distress subscales and ratings of pain, emotional distress, and cravings at post-test (all p<.001). Gains were maintained at follow-up for most SA-45 scales. The severity of psychological symptoms was reduced (-45%, p<.001) as well as the breadth (-40%, p<.001), with significant gains maintained at follow-up. Greater subsequent EFT use correlated with a greater decrease in symptom severity at follow-up (p<.034, r=.199), but not in breadth of symptoms (p<.0117, r=.148). EFT provided an immediate effect on psychological distress, pain, and cravings that was replicated across multiple conferences and healthcare provider samples.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., & Brooks, A. J. (2010). The effect of a brief EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) self-intervention on anxiety, depression, pain and cravings in healthcare workers. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 9(5), 40-44.
Direct link: https://s3.amazonaws.com/eft-academic-articles/HealthCare.pdf
Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques on Occupational Stress for Preschool Teachers
Abstract
Occupational stress may be directly related to teacher burnout and general job dissatisfaction within the teaching profession. While research has shown that teaching is among the most stressful of occupations, there is currently limited research on the implementation or effectiveness of stress management programs. The present study examined the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on the reduction of stress for preschool teachers. The study was conducted according to a single-subject design (N=2), in which levels of stress and anxiety were measured before and after the five-week training of EFT. Following the completion of training, both participants in the study reported decreased levels of stress and anxiety. However, at six month follow up, results were more varied.
Citation (APA Style): Haynes, T. (2010). Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques on occupational stress for preschool teachers (Doctoral dissertation). UMI Dissertation Publishing: UMI 3412819.
Direct link: https://www.proquest.com/openview/9d222190929b00368347b19de2df9135/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
The Effect Of Progressive Muscular Relaxation And Emotional Freedom Techniques On Test Anxiety In High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) and Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR) on test anxiety. A group of 312 high school students enrolled at a private academy were evaluated using the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), which contains Worry and Emotionality subscales. Scores for 70 students demonstrated high levels of test anxiety; these students were randomized into control and experimental groups. During a single treatment session, the control group received instruction in PMR and the experimental group in EFT, which was followed by self-treatment at home. After 2 months, subjects were retested using the TAI. Repeated covariance analysis was performed to determine the effects of EFT and PMR on the mean TAI score, as well as the 2 subscale scores. Each group completed a sample examination at the beginning and end of the study, and their mean scores were computed. Thirty-two of the initial 70 subjects completed all the study’s requirements, and all statistical analyses were done on this group. A statistically significant decrease occurred in the test anxiety scores of both the experimental and control groups. The EFT group had a significantly greater decrease than the PMR group (p < .05). The scores of the EFT group were lower on the Emotionality and Worry subscales (p < .05). Both groups scored higher on the test examinations after treatment. Although the improvement was greater for the EFT group, the difference was not statistically significant.
Citation (APA Style): Sezgin, N., & Özcan, B. (2009). The effect of Progressive Muscular Relaxation and Emotional Freedom Techniques on test anxiety in high school students: A randomized controlled trial. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1(1), 23-30.
Pilot Study Of EFT, WHEE And CBT For Treatment Of Test Anxiety In University Students
Abstract
Objective: This study explored test anxiety benefits of Wholistic Hybrid derived from EMDR (WHEE), Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Participants: Canadian university students with severe or moderate test anxiety participated.
Methods: A double-blind, controlled trial of WHEE (n = 5), EFT (n =5), and CBT (n = 5) was conducted. Standardized anxiety measures included: the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-21).
Results: Despite small sample size, significant reductions on the TAI and HSCL-21 were found for WHEE; on the TAI for EFT; and on the HSCL-21 for CBT. There were no significant differences between the scores for the three treatments. In only two sessions WHEE and EFT achieved the equivalent benefits to those achieved by CBT in five sessions. Participants reported high satisfaction with all treatments. EFT and WHEE students successfully transferred their self-treatment skills to other stressful areas of their lives.
Conclusions: WHEE and EFT show promise as effective treatments for test anxiety.
Citation (APA Style): Benor, D. J., Ledger, K., Toussaint, L., Hett, G., & Zaccaro, D. (2009). Pilot study of EFT, WHEE and CBT for treatment of test anxiety in university students. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 5(6), 338-340.
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550830709002766?via%3Dihub
The Effects Of EFT On Long-Term Psychological Symptoms
Abstract
Previous research (Salas, 2000; Wells, et al., 2003), theoretical writings (Arenson, 2001, Callahan, 1985, Durlacher, 1994, Flint, 1999, Gallo, 2002, Hover-Kramer, 2002, Lake & Wells, 2003, Lambrou & Pratt, 2000, and Rowe, 2003), and many case reports have suggested that energy psychology is an effective psychotherapy treatment that improves psychological functioning. The purpose of the present study was to measure any changes in psychological functioning that might result from participation in an experiential Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) workshop and to examine the long-term effects. Using a time-series, within-subjects repeated measures design, 102 participants were tested with a short-form of the SCL-90-R (SA-45) 1 month before, at the beginning of the workshop, at the end of the workshop, 1 month after the workshop, and 6 months after the workshop. There was a statistically significant decrease (p < .0005) in all measures of psychological distress as measured by the SA-45 from pre-workshop to post-workshop which held up at the 6 month follow-up.
Citation (APA Style): Rowe, J. (2005). The effects of EFT on long-term psychological symptoms. Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 2(3), 104-110.
Direct link: https://www.lifescriptcounseling.com/research/eft_groupoutcomes1.pdf
Assessment Of The Emotional Freedom Technique: An Alternative Treatment For Fear
Abstract
The effectiveness of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), a treatment for anxiety and fear, was assessed. One hundred nineteen university students were assigned and tested in an independent four-group design. The groups differed in the treatment each received: applied treatment of EFT (Group EFT); a placebo treatment (Group P); a modeling treatment (Group M); and a control (Group C). Participants’ self-reported baseline and post-treatment ratings of fear were measured. Group EFT showed a significant decrease in self-report measures at post-treatment. However, Group P and Group M showed a similar significant decrease. Group C did not show a significant decrease in post-treatment fear ratings. These results do not support the idea that the purported benefits of EFT are uniquely dependent on the “tapping of meridians.” Rather, these results suggest that the reported effectiveness of EFT is attributable to characteristics it shares with more traditional therapies.
Citation (APA Style): Waite, L. W., & Holder, M. D. (2003). Assessment of the Emotional Freedom Technique: An alternative treatment for fear. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 2(1), 20-26.
Direct link: https://www.antidemalta.org/uploads/5/7/2/6/57264959/assessmentoftheemotionalfreedomtechnique.pdf
Reexamining the Effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on Stress Biochemistry: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objective: In a direct replication of Church, Yount, and Brooks (2012), this study examined changes in stress biochemistry and psychological distress symptoms in 53 participants randomly allocated to one of three 60-min group interventions: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), psychoeducation (PE), and no treatment (NT). The Symptom Assessment−45 (SA-45) was used to assess psychological distress symptoms.
Method: Salivary cortisol assays were administered 30 min pre- and postintervention to test cortisol levels. The original study by Church et al. indicated the EFT group showed statistically significant improvements in anxiety (−58.34%, p < .05), depression (−49.33%, p < .002), overall severity of symptoms (−50.5%, p < .001), and symptom breadth (−41.93%, p < .001). The group also experienced a significant decrease in cortisol (−24.39%) compared to the PE group (−14.25%) and NT group (−14.44%).
Results: The present results indicated the EFT group experienced a significant decrease in cortisol greater than the original study (−43.24%, p < .05), but these results were not mirrored by subjective reports of psychological distress. The EFT group reduction in cortisol was significantly different from that of the PE group (−19.67%), and as expected, the posttreatment cortisol level detected among the EFT group was lower than that of the NT group (2.02%); however, there was not a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Additionally, there were no significant improvements in cortisol reduction among the NT and PE groups.
Conclusions: Findings support the original study indicating EFT to be an efficient and effective brief treatment for reducing biological markers of stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Citation (APA Style): Stapleton, P., Crighton, G., Sabot, D., & O'Neill, H. M. (2020). Reexamining the effect of emotional freedom techniques on stress biochemistry: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(8), 869-877. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000563
Direct link: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ftra0000563
Clinical EFT as an Evidence-Based Practice for the Treatment of Psychological and Physiological Conditions: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Since the turn of the century, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) has come into widespread use in medical and psychological treatment settings. It is also used as self-help by tens of millions of people each year. Clinical EFT, the manualized form of the method, has been validated as an “evidence-based” practice using criteria published by the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 12 Task Force on Empirically Validated Therapies. Its three essential ingredients are exposure, cognitive framing, and acupressure.
Objectives: In 2013 we published a paper defining Clinical EFT and reviewing published research. It has been viewed or downloaded over 36,000 times, indicating widespread interest in this treatment modality. Here we update our findings based on subsequently published literature and propose directions for future research.
Method: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Retrieval of 4,167 results resulted in the identification of 56 RCTs (n = 2,013), 41 of which were published subsequent to our earlier review, as well as eight meta-analyses.
Results: RCTs have found EFT treatment to be effective for (a) psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) physiological issues such as pain, insomnia, and autoimmune conditions; (c) professional and sports performance; and (d) biological markers of stress. Meta-analyses evaluating the effect of EFT treatment have found it to be “moderate” to “large.” Successful independent replication studies have been carried out for anxiety, depression, PTSD, phobias, sports performance, and cortisol levels. We outline the next steps in EFT research. These include determining its impact on cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairment; analysis of the large-scale datasets made possible by mobile apps; and delivery through channels such as virtual practitioner sessions, artificial intelligence agents, online courses, apps, virtual reality platforms, and standardized group therapy.
Conclusions: Subsequent research has confirmed the conclusions of earlier studies. These find Clinical EFT to be efficacious for a range of psychological and physiological conditions. Comparatively few treatment sessions are required, treatment is effective whether delivered in person or virtually, and symptom improvements persist over time. Treatment is associated with measurable biological effects in the dimensions of gene expression, brain synchrony, hormonal synthesis, and a wide range of biomarkers. Clinical EFT is a stable and mature method with an extensive evidence base. Its use in primary care settings as a safe, rapid, reliable, and effective treatment for both psychological and medical diagnoses continues to grow.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., Stapleton, P. B., Vasudevan, A., & O'Keefe, T. (2022). Clinical EFT as an evidence-based practice for the treatment of psychological and physiological conditions: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 951451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951451
Direct link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951451/full
Evaluating the Efficacy of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for Anxiety Reduction
Abstract
Anxiety represents a highly debilitating mental health challenge and is one of the most popular behavioral disorders in the United States. Particularly concerning is the escalating prevalence of anxiety among university students, which can profoundly impact academic performance and overall mental well-being. Despite the availability of effective treatments, individuals often encounter delays or avoid seeking appropriate care. Addressing anxiety management strategies within education settings holds the potential to enhance optimal academic success. There is a pressing need for evidence-based self-help tools that are therapeutic, cost-effective, and practical for university students experiencing anxiety. In response to the need, this clinical scholarly project investigates the efficacy of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) in mitigating anxiety symptoms in a convenience sample of 15 university students ages 18-50, attending Stanton University over four weeks. Data were collected utilizing demographic questionnaires and clinically validated assessment instruments such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) screening. In this clinical scholarly project, the findings revealed a decrease of 4.5 points in Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7) scores following the four weeks of EFT intervention.
Citation (APA Style): You can read the whole thesis here - Chong, E. (2024). Evaluating the efficacy of emotional freedom technique (EFT) for anxiety reduction (Order No. 30994874). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2937178559). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2937178559
Direct link: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2937178559
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Tapping for Pediatric Emergency Department Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of a Pilot Intervention
Abstract
Objective: Emergency-department (ED) staff may experience psychologic distress due to the stressful nature of their work. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this distress. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) tapping, a somatic psychophysiologic intervention combining vibratory acupressure with elements of cognitive-behavioral and exposure therapies, can reduce psychologic distress. This study tested the short-term effect of 10-minute EFT tapping on the psychologic distress of pediatric ED staff responding to COVID-19.
Materials and methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse staff in the pediatric ED of a New York City teaching hospital participated in this single-group study. A licensed creative arts therapist led participants in 10-minute EFT tapping sessions. A self-report questionnaire with 7 items based on the Trauma Exposure Response framework was administered immediately pre- and postintervention. Standardized mean differences between both timepoints were calculated.
Results: There were statistically significant reductions for 6 of the 7 items studied, including stress (3.32-2.14), obsessive and intrusive thoughts (2.50-1.85), feelings of pressure (3.20-2.17), loneliness (1.84-1.44), and emotional and physical pain (2.28-1.70); all P < 0.001. No significant changes in professional satisfaction were reported following the intervention.
Conclusions: Despite the limitations of a single-arm study design, a 10-minute brief EFT tapping session was a promising way to reduce short-term psychologic distress in pediatric ED health care workers. Future studies, including rigorous randomized controlled trials, are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of brief EFT tapping interventions in other settings.
Citation (APA Style): Bifano, S. M., Szeglin, C. J., Garbers, S., & Gold, M. A. (2024). Emotional freedom techniques (EFT) tapping for pediatric emergency department staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evaluation of a pilot intervention. Medical Acupuncture, 36(2), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2023.0099
Direct link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38665925/