EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, with many studies of conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression showing significant treatment effects. In addition to elements drawn from established cognitive and exposure therapies, EFT uses the manual stimulation of acupuncture points (acupressure) through fingertip tapping. This study investigated the utility of EFT to address professional burnout in a population of school teachers. Participants were K-12 full time, public school teachers. They were assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which has three scales: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. EFT was compared to a control condition that used sham tapping on a location on the forearm that does not include any acupuncture points. To reduce the possibility of cross-contamination between the two conditions, the study did not randomize participants within a single population. Instead, to minimize contact between experimental and control participants, the two samples were drawn from different school districts with similar demographic profiles in the same county. One hundred teachers were randomly selected from each district, of which 126 completed all assessments. Data analysis revealed that on all three indicators of burnout measured, EFT was significantly superior to the sham tapping control (p > .05). The results are consistent with earlier dismantling studies and indicate that acupoint tapping is an active ingredient in the therapeutic results obtained from EFT and not a placebo. EFT is inexpensive, easy to administer, and could be added to teacher mentor and retention programs to improve resiliency. A positive impact on teachers whose level of burnout is either negatively affecting the educational environment or has caused them to consider leaving the profession will help nurture and retain valuable assets for student learning.
Research on EFT for Children, Youth and Education
This area represents the clinical research conducted on Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for children, youth and education. Explore by title below. Where the paper is available free of charge in an open access journal, you can download it and use freely (on website, social media, newsletters). If it is behind a pay wall, you can freely share the abstract and reference but cannot share the full article, due to copyright.
Effectiveness of a School-Based Emotional Freedom Techniques Intervention for Promoting Student Wellbeing
Abstract
Background: In academic settings, fear of failure and associated emotional difficulties are common and often result in maladaptive behaviours, which often lead to failure or lowered scholastic achievement. Higher levels of self-esteem and resilience have been shown to protect against fear of failure and emotional difficulties, and predict improved academic outcomes in students. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of group intervention methods aimed at improving self-esteem and resilience. We aimed to measure the effects of using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), an emerging therapeutic technique that incorporates elements of acupuncture, exposure therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and somatic stimulation to target negative thoughts and feelings, as a universal intervention for high school and college students.
Methods: This study represented a non-randomised universal intervention, utilising both within and between-subject designs. The EFT intervention groups (N = 204) were drawn from two different school cohorts. The intervention aimed to improve four participant characteristics that have been shown to play a role in influencing academic success: global self-esteem, resilience (ability to adapt to change and cope with stress), total difficulties and fear of failure (cognitive, motivational, and relational appraisals of failure). These characteristics were utilised as outcome variables in the present study and measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Conners-Davidson Resilience Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Performance Failure Appraisal Index-Short Form.
Results: Results showed a significant improvement in fear of failure, whereby fears were significantly lower from pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up. Findings also indicated a significant main effect of time for emotional and behavioural difficulties, however post hoc tests indicated no statistically significant changes between the time points measured. No significant changes were observed in measures of self-esteem or resilience.
Conclusion: This non-randomised universal intervention represents the first Australian study of the efficacy of a group treatment program within high schools, aimed at increasing student self-esteem and resilience, and decreasing fear of failure and emotional difficulties. The results suggested that EFT might be an effective group intervention for some students decreasing their fear of failure; however, further research is required.
Citation (APA Style): Stapleton, P., Mackay, E., Chatwin, H., Murphy, D., Porter, B., Thibault, S., Sheldon, T., & Pidgeon, A. (2017). Effectiveness of a School-Based Emotional Freedom Techniques Intervention for Promoting Student Wellbeing. Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(2), 112-126. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676607666171101165425
Direct link: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/86643
Evaluating a 3-Week Model for Reducing Symptoms of Stress in Traumatised Youth Using the Trauma Tapping Technique (TTT) for Self-help: A Pilot Trial
Abstract
Background: This pilot trial investigated whether a 3-week self-help model for stress reduction using the Trauma Tapping Technique (TTT) would impact traumatized youth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on post-traumatic stress symptoms and general happiness. It also focussed on the acceptability of the program to recipients and implementation in a community with complex trauma and conflict. Methods: The study involved 77 youth who received a TTT 3-week model of intervention (self-applied). Post traumatic stress symptoms and general happiness were assessed pre and post the intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Results: TTT was associated with a significantly greater improvement in happiness (12.12% increase, p<0.05) and a significant reduction in trauma symptomology from pre- to immediately post-test (6% decrease, p<0.05). The 6-month results were nonsignificant (p=0.056) however from pre to follow-up, participants indicated an 11.4% reduction in their trauma symptoms. The qualitative investigation of staff and participants revealed the intervention had a positive effect on trauma stress symptoms and happiness outcomes findings. Conclusions: The proposal that a 3-week model of teaching emotional literacy via a self help technique such as TTT is a potential solution for complex communities is discussed, and suggestions for future large scale trials are offered.
Citation (APA Style): Stapleton, P. B., Sandstrom, U., & Gunilla, H. (2018). Evaluating a 3-week model for reducing symptoms of stress in traumatized youth using the Trauma Tapping Technique (TTT) for self-help: A pilot trial. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 3(4), Article 036. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.1804036
Direct link: https://www.lidsen.com/journals/icm/icm-03-04-036
Clinical EFT as an Evidence-Based Practice for the Treatment of Psychological and Physiological Conditions: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Since the turn of the century, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) has come into widespread use in medical and psychological treatment settings. It is also used as self-help by tens of millions of people each year. Clinical EFT, the manualized form of the method, has been validated as an “evidence-based” practice using criteria published by the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 12 Task Force on Empirically Validated Therapies. Its three essential ingredients are exposure, cognitive framing, and acupressure.
Objectives: In 2013 we published a paper defining Clinical EFT and reviewing published research. It has been viewed or downloaded over 36,000 times, indicating widespread interest in this treatment modality. Here we update our findings based on subsequently published literature and propose directions for future research.
Method: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Retrieval of 4,167 results resulted in the identification of 56 RCTs (n = 2,013), 41 of which were published subsequent to our earlier review, as well as eight meta-analyses.
Results: RCTs have found EFT treatment to be effective for (a) psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) physiological issues such as pain, insomnia, and autoimmune conditions; (c) professional and sports performance; and (d) biological markers of stress. Meta-analyses evaluating the effect of EFT treatment have found it to be “moderate” to “large.” Successful independent replication studies have been carried out for anxiety, depression, PTSD, phobias, sports performance, and cortisol levels. We outline the next steps in EFT research. These include determining its impact on cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairment; analysis of the large-scale datasets made possible by mobile apps; and delivery through channels such as virtual practitioner sessions, artificial intelligence agents, online courses, apps, virtual reality platforms, and standardized group therapy.
Conclusions: Subsequent research has confirmed the conclusions of earlier studies. These find Clinical EFT to be efficacious for a range of psychological and physiological conditions. Comparatively few treatment sessions are required, treatment is effective whether delivered in person or virtually, and symptom improvements persist over time. Treatment is associated with measurable biological effects in the dimensions of gene expression, brain synchrony, hormonal synthesis, and a wide range of biomarkers. Clinical EFT is a stable and mature method with an extensive evidence base. Its use in primary care settings as a safe, rapid, reliable, and effective treatment for both psychological and medical diagnoses continues to grow.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., Stapleton, P. B., Vasudevan, A., & O'Keefe, T. (2022). Clinical EFT as an evidence-based practice for the treatment of psychological and physiological conditions: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 951451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951451
Direct link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951451/full
A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Emotional Freedom Technique and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Adolescent Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) with that of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing adolescent anxiety.
Design: Randomized controlled study.
Settings: This study took place in 10 schools (8 public/2 private; 4 high schools/6 middle schools) in 2 northeastern states in the United States.
Participants: Sixty-three high-ability students in grades 6-12, ages 10-18 years, who scored in the moderate to high ranges for anxiety on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale-2 (RCMAS-2) were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 21), EFT (n = 21), or waitlist control (n = 21) intervention groups.
Interventions: CBT is the gold standard of anxiety treatment for adolescent anxiety. EFT is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety that incorporates acupoint stimulation. Students assigned to the CBT or EFT treatment groups received three individual sessions of the identified protocols from trained graduate counseling, psychology, or social work students enrolled at a large northeastern research university.
Outcome measures: The RCMAS-2 was used to assess preintervention and postintervention anxiety levels in participants.
Results: EFT participants (n = 20; M = 52.16, SD = 9.23) showed significant reduction in anxiety levels compared with the waitlist control group (n = 21; M = 57.93, SD = 6.02) (p = 0.005, d = 0.74, 95% CI [-9.76, -1.77]) with a moderate to large effect size. CBT participants (n = 21; M = 54.82, SD = 5.81) showed reduction in anxiety but did not differ significantly from the EFT (p = 0.18, d = 0.34; 95% CI [-6.61, 1.30]) or control (p = 0.12, d = 0.53, 95% CI [-7.06, .84]).
Conclusions: EFT is an efficacious intervention to significantly reduce anxiety for high-ability adolescents.
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H., & Karan, O. C. (2017). A randomized controlled comparison of emotional freedom technique and cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce adolescent anxiety: A pilot study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0316
Direct link: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2015.0316
The Tapping Project: Introducing Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to Reduce Anxiety and Improve Wellbeing in Primary School Students
Abstract
As the rates of childhood anxiety increase and manifest at younger ages, children’s mental health and wellbeing have become growing issues for primary schools. The purpose of the current study was to implement and evaluate Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), or tapping, as a class treatment that may support the social and emotional learning curriculum in primary schools. The Tapping Project was conducted as a longitudinal, evaluative study within a pragmatic framework, using mixed methods methodology, and assessed the effectiveness of EFT when used as a class intervention for student wellbeing. Several research questions were posed to explore the perceptions of students and teachers about using tapping as a class activity. Eight classes, consisting of 138 students and nine teachers across four schools, participated in the study. Following two 1-hour teacher training sessions and an introductory class lesson delivered by the researcher, teachers administered tapping sessions in classes 3 times a day for a period of 4 weeks. A second stage of 4-weeks tapping occurred in classes during the succeeding school term. Quantitative and qualitative measures found that EFT supports national educational social and emotional wellbeing curriculum, and may be a valuable inclusion in school programs. Results of the project revealed that both students and teachers thought tapping should be introduced to all students in primary schools. Thematic analysis was applied to both student and teacher data sets. Analyses found that tapping is a mechanism for change, tapping skills were transferable to other contexts and, similar to other interventions, tapping was not effective on each occasion. In addition to calming effects, students felt the benefits of tapping extended to focus and concentration and a reduction in physical discomfort. Students were more likely to develop intrinsic motivation for tapping when the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness were met. The thesis presents other key findings and recommendations.
Citation (APA Style): Lambert, M. T. (2020). The Tapping project: Introducing Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to reduce anxiety and improve wellbeing in primary school students [Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)]. In Charles Darwin University. https://researchers.cdu.edu.au/en/studentTheses/the-tapping-project
Direct link: https://ris.cdu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/35605489/Thesis_CDU_35605334_Lambert_M.pdf
Emotional Freedom Techniques in the Treatment of Unhealthy Eating Behaviors and Related Psychological Constructs in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Abstract
Context: In Australia and throughout much of the world, rates of obesity continue to climb as do the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly in adolescents. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity include low self-esteem, depression, body dissatisfaction, and social maladjustment (Young-Hyman et al., 2012).
Objective and intervention: This feasibility study sought to examine the impact of a six-week Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) group treatment program upon eating behaviours, self-esteem, compassion, and psychological symptoms.
Design: Forty-four students were randomly allocated to either the EFT group or the waitlist control group.
Results: Results revealed a delayed effect for both groups at post-intervention, with improved eating habits, self-esteem, and compassion at follow-up. Findings provide preliminary support for EFT as an effective treatment strategy for increasing healthy eating behaviours and improving associated weight-related psychopathology.
Citation (APA Style): Stapleton, P., Chatwin, H., William, M., Hutton, A., Pain, A., Porter, B., & Sheldon, T. (2016). Emotional Freedom Techniques in the treatment of unhealthy eating behaviors and related psychological constructs in adolescents: A randomized controlled pilot trial. EXPLORE, 12(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2015.12.001
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550830715002190?via%3Dihub
Sleeping Healthy, Living Healthy: Using Iterative, Participatory Processes to Develop and Adapt an Integrated Sleep Hygiene/Mind-Body Integrative Health Intervention for Urban Adolescents
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minority adolescents living in urban settings experience sleep disparities. Few interventions have been developed to address these disparities. Guided by principles of participatory design and inclusion, our team developed a novel intervention that combined sleep hygiene education with mind-body integrative health (MBIH) practices to improve sleep quality among adolescents in New York City. The goal of this article is to describe our iterative development and design process, the final product, and future directions. Our participatory approach incorporated information from formative work with adolescents having lived experience, practitioners, and syntheses of published literature. The final intervention—Sleeping Healthy, Living Healthy—consists of six, 40-minute group sessions and one 20-minute individual session designed for high school students. Each session has a set of learning objectives, combining instruction, group activities, and discussions on sleep hygiene and MBIH topics. Our manualized intervention includes handouts created by a graphic design team that served as a review and reminder for home practice. We describe intervention implementation to two unique cohorts and detail our methods used to fine-tune the intervention between cohorts. Our partnership with and insights from both adolescents and practitioners serve as a guide for researchers aiming to use participatory methods to develop interventions to decrease health disparities in specific populations.
Citation (APA Style): Garbers, S., Ancheta, A. J., Gold, M. A., Maier, M., & Bruzzese, J.-M. (2023). Sleeping healthy, living healthy: Using iterative, participatory processes to develop and adapt an integrated sleep hygiene/mind-body integrative health intervention for urban adolescents. Health Promotion Practice, 25(5), 15248399231184453. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399231184453
Direct link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15248399231184453
Supporting, Teaching and Empowering Parents: A Teacher's Manual on Psychosocial Interventions for Elementary School-Aged Students and Parents During Disasters and Emergency Situations
Click here to view the full UNESCO manual: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000378264&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_9b287546-1e7b-426a-a8e1-aad817c2c635%3F_%3D378264eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000378264/PDF/378264eng.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A100%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D
A Feasibility Study of Emotional Freedom Technique Taught in the Curriculum for Secondary School Students, to Reduce Stress and Test Anxiety and Enhance Coping Skills
Abstract
Objective: This 2008 Feasibility Study explored the impact of teaching Emotional Freedom Technique(EFT) as part of class curriculum for Secondary School students, as a self-care tool for reducing stress and test anxiety and for enhancing coping skills.
Participants: Canadian students at a Secondary School taking Planning 10 courses, with combined Grades 10, 11 & 12, (n = 138) participated in the study. All students received the EFT training as part of class curriculum, and completed all the questionnaires.
Methods: An initial controlled trial of EFT for 2 class groups (total n = 44) is compared to no treatment for 2 class groups (total n = 43). Standardized quantitative measures were taken of stress (Perceived Stress Scale) coping strategies (Brief COPE) and test anxiety (Westside TA), prior to Intervention; one week after the first class; and following the completion of the EFT training sessions.
Following the Controlled Study and prior to Christmas exams, the “No Treatment” classes were given the same number of hours training in EFT as the Intervention Group. A fifth class which could not be used in the controlled study, was taught EFT during the initial time period. Because all students had to participate in the EFT training to get school credit, Quantitative measures were taken for all students at all time periods; including just after the EFT training of the control groups prior to Christmas break, and before Provincial Exams in January. An 18 item, anonymous, Quantitative questionnaire was administered at the conclusion of the EFT training for all Groups.
Results: Putting together a research proposal, designing the study; jumping through the hoops of permissions, and institution rules; carrying out the interventions; collecting the data and reporting the results are all monumental tasks. Things can go wrong at any juncture, and often do. However, the one issue I didn’t think would occur was that the Quantitative Data would be virtually useless. I was also surprised by the wide range of response and results of the various Class Groups, as detailed below, given that they were all offered almost identical EFT training. Due to a number of unfortunate circumstances, none of the Quantitative Data could be considered clearly valid. There were two main reasons. 1. The Principal Investigators were not notified that many of the students would not be taking exams during the trial period and approximately 25% of the foreign students did not have to write exams at all. This meant that collecting data on Test Anxiety was irrelevant for many. 2. Contamination of the Quantitative questionnaires occurred with some students checking off multiple choice answers in “patterns” on the answer checkboxes, and it was not clear how many other students had done this, but perhaps not in as blatant a manner as to be detected. This data loss was exceedingly disappointing for all involved.
Fortunately, valuable findings were still gleaned from student responses to the 18 item Qualitative Questionnaire, submitted anonymously by all students at the end of EFT Study. Perhaps because these surveys encouraged both positive and negative feedback and could not be tracked to individuals, the students appeared to be more open and direct – (sometimes brutally). But they offered useful and constructive information on many levels. Most encouraging was that 67% of students recommended that EFT be taught in schools; 63% indicated they could benefit from learning EFT in smaller groups, and 33% indicated they would be interested in having 1:1 assistance from a Counsellor using EFT. While some students were resistant to the EFT classes, the majority shared clear
examples of how they had taken their EFT skills into coping with: homework, studying, assignments, and sports and arts performances. In addition, some were able to expand their use of EFT to family and social relationships, and other issues outside the school setting, which was clear evidence of enhanced coping skills.
Conclusions: The teaching of EFT in schools can benefit some students; particularly those who are motivated to learn it due to need or interest. It is recommended that more research, investigation and refinement of teaching EFT in schools, to a range of grades; to whole classes and to smaller groups of students seeking specific help for anxiety and stress be undertaken.
Citation (APA Style): Ledger, K., A feasibility study of emotional freedom technique taught in the curriculum for secondary school students to reduce stress and test anxiety and enhance coping skills. Intl J of Healing and Caring, 11.2019, vol. 19,3.
Direct link: https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/891f98f6/files/uploaded/Ledger-19-3F.pdf
The Effect of Two Psychophysiological Techniques (Progressive Muscular Relaxation and Emotional Freedom Techniques) on Test Anxiety in High School Students: A Randomized Blind Controlled Study
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) and Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR) on test anxiety. A group of 312 high school students enrolled at a private academy were evaluated using the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), which contains Worry and Emotionality subscales.
Scores for 70 students demonstrated high levels of test anxiety; these students were randomized into control and experimental groups. During a single treatment session, the control group received instruction in PMR and the experimental group in EFT, which was followed by self-treatment at home.
After 2 months, subjects were retested using the TAI. Repeated covariance analysis was performed to determine the effects of EFT and PMR on the mean TAI score, as well as the 2 subscale scores. Each group completed a sample examination at the beginning and end of the study, and their mean scores were computed. Thirty-two of the initial 70 subjects completed all the study’s requirements, and all statistical analyses were done on this group.
A statistically significant decrease occurred in the test anxiety scores of both the experimental and control groups. The EFT group had a significantly greater decrease than the PMR group (p < .05). The scores of the EFT group were lower on the Emotionality and Worry subscales (p < .05). Both groups scored higher on the test examinations after treatment. Although the improvement was greater for the EFT group, the difference was not statistically significant.
Citation (APA Style): Sezgin, N., Church, D., & Ozcan, B. (2009). The effect of two psychophysiological techniques (progressive muscular relaxation and emotional freedom techniques) on test anxiety in high school students: A randomized blind controlled study - EFT tapping training instituteTM. International Journal of Healing and Caring, 9(1). https://www.efttappingtraining.com/eft-research-paper/the-effect-of-two-psychophysiological-techniques-progressive-muscular-relaxation-and-emotional-freedom-techniques-on-test-anxiety-in-high-school-students/
Reducing Mathematics Anxiety Among Students with Pseudo-Dyscalculia in Ibadan Through Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom Techniques: Moderating Effect of Mathematics Efficacy
Abstract
Anxiety in mathematics is a critical challenge facing secondary school students in Nigeria. Previous studies with focus on the improvement of this challenge are scarce. Specifically, there is paucity of studies using Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom techniques in solving the above challenges, This study therefore investigated the effects of numerical cognition and emotional freedom techniques on mathematics anxiety among non-science students with pseudo-dyscalculia in Oyo State. Pretest, post-test, control group quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. One hundred and two students were sampled through simple random sampling. Mathematics Anxiety Scale (α = 0.89), Mathematics Efficacy (α = 0.86) and Pseudo-dyscalculia scale (α = 0.93) were administered to obtain data for the study. Therapeutic packages used for the intervention were Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom. Seven hypotheses were tested at 0.01 level of significance. Data was analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed main effect of treatment on Mathematics Anxiety; F (2,109) = 173.020, p<.01. Meridian-Based intervention was more effective (mean = 33.78) than Numerical cognition (mean = 45.35) in the reduction of Mathematics anxiety. There was significant main effect; F(1, 109 = 21.00, p<.01); interactive effect F(2, 109 = 6.116, p<.01 of mathematics efficacy and Treatment on mathematics anxiety of the participants. The two packages were effective in reducing mathematics anxiety among the participants. Based on the findings, Educational Psychologists, Counselling Psychologist and other educational related bodies could adopt the packages for educational diagnosis to improve academic performance of students with academic phobia.
Citation (APA Style): Aremu, A. O., & Taiwo, A. K. (2014). Reducing mathematics anxiety among students with pseudo-dyscalculia in Ibadan through numerical cognition and emotional freedom techniques: Moderating effect of mathematics efficacy. African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, 17(1), 113–129. https://www.ajpssi.org/index.php/ajpssi/article/view/63
Direct link: https://www.ajpssi.org/index.php/ajpssi/article/view/63
Emotional Freedom Technique As An Intervention Tool In Dealing With Stress Among Mothers of the Children with Intellectual Disability
Abstract
Stress describes unpleasant emotion or feeling that affects one’s level of functioning. It is psychological discomfort (like sadness, anxiety, distraction, and symptoms of mental illness) that interrupts individual’s activities of daily living.Stress is one of the most disturbing emotions being faced by the mothers of children having intellectual disability. Hence, the present work on Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a therapeutic intervention in dealing with stress of mothers of children with Intellectual Disability (ID). EFT is self-help technique that helps deal with stress. It involves tapping near the energy meridian points around our body in order to reduce tension, promote physical and emotional healing and thus maintain a healthy mind body connection. The objective of the present work is to establish the fact that EFT is one of the effective ways of dealing with stress among mothers of children with intellectual disability. Purposive sampling was used to include ten (out 20) mothers having children with Intellectual Disability. Subjective Unit of Distress (SUD) and Parental StressScale (PSS) questionnaire were used as screening tools. Clients’ feedback was taken after a gap of one month. The result of the study revealed that EFT is effective in reducing stress. The overall result shows that EFT is an effective way of dealing with stress among mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability.
Citation (APA Style): Pandey, N., & Mitra, P. (2020). Emotional freedom technique as an intervention tool in dealing with stress among mothers of the children with intellectual disability. UGC Care Journal, 19(44). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353512808_Emotional_Freedom_Technique_as_an_Intervention_tool_in_dealing_with_Stress_among_Mothers_of_the_children_with_Intellectual_Disability
Tapping for PEAS: Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) in Reducing Presentation Expression Anxiety Syndrome (PEAS) in University Students
Abstract
Presentation anxiety is one of the most common fears that people express. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) which is also known as tapping is an emerging complementary therapy that has been used to treat a variety of phobias. Participants were a convenience sample of 25 3rd year Foundation Degree level complementary therapy students undertaking a Research Module. The module included an assessed presentation, which was known to generate anxiety among students. The students were given a 15 minute assignment workshop .They then received a 15 minute lecture introducing EFT and were then guided though one round of EFT focussing on their fear of public speaking. The students were assessed using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) pre and post EFT. Immediately following their presentation, the students were invited to take part in a brief face to face interview to explore their use of and feelings about EFT. Twenty one of the total sample of 25 students (84%) participated in the research. There was a significant reduction in SUDS (p=0.002), HAD (p = 0.048) and HAD Anxiety Subscale (p=0.037). There was no difference in the HAD Depression Subscale (p=0.719). The qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach which revealed 3 themes: nerves, novelty and the practical application of EFT. Despite the limitations of the study, the results suggest that EFT may be a useful addition to curricula for courses that include oral presentations.
Citation (APA Style): Boath, E., Stewart, A., & Carryer, A. (2012). Tapping for PEAS: Emotional freedom technique (EFT) in reducing presentation expression anxiety syndrome (PEAS) in university students. Innovative Practice in Higher Education, 1(2). https://journals.staffs.ac.uk/index.php/ipihe/article/view/165
Direct link: https://journals.staffs.ac.uk/index.php/ipihe/article/view/165
Emotional Freedom Techniques for Dyslexia: A Case Study
Abstract
Dyslexia is a developmental condition, often inherited, that interferes with the acquisition and processing of written language. Sequencing issues, disorientation, and emotional issues can all be successfully treated separately. This case study details the use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to address these issues separately with a single client over 3 connected sessions: addressing 2 specific events concerning teachers, pre-birth issues, and the birth process, respectively. By the end of the 3 sessions, the client was able to read easily and fluently, sequence, and understand sequences. The disorientation associated with her dyslexia had reduced to the point where it was no longer an issue. Whether this formula can be applied to all people with dyslexia, however, is not clear and requires further study.
Citation (APA Style): McCallion, F. (2012). Emotional freedom techniques for dyslexia: A case study. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.9769/EPJ.2012.4.2.FM
Direct link: https://energypsychologyjournal.org/emotional-freedom-techniques-for-dyslexia-a-case-study/
Is Acupoint Stimulation an Active Ingredient in Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)? A Controlled Trial of Teacher Burnout
Abstract
Citation (APA Style): Reynolds, A. E. (2015). Is acupoint stimulation an active ingredient in Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)? A controlled trial of teacher burnout. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(1), 14-21. doi:10.9769/EPJ.2015.07.01.AR
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to Reduce Exam Anxiety in Turkish Nursing Students
Abstract
Introduction
Nursing education involves among other things tracking the learning process. Many students experience anxiety prior to exams, and they try to cope with it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on the reduction of exam anxiety in nursing students in the Women’s Health and Diseases Nursing course in Turkey.
Methods
In this outcomes study, 80 s-year nursing students participated in three EFT sessions, each consisting of six two-minute parts. The study took an average of 46 min. Pre- and post-treatment measurements included: the socio-demographics of participants, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Tx-1, Tx-2), and the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale. The SUD scale was used before and after sessions. Prior to and following the three sessions, the BAI and the STAI Tx 1 and 2 were administered.
Results
EFT significantly reduced exam anxiety. Almost half of the students were using some method of coping with anxiety and the most common methods were listening to music and breathing exercises. However, the initial anxiety level was quite high. State and trait anxiety levels, as well as exam anxiety, decreased, statistically significant, after the EFT sessions. At the end of three sessions of EFT, more than half success was determined in the subjective exam anxiety level.
Conclusions
This study showed that three EFT sessions administered in a group setting, reduced and helped them better cope with exam anxiety as well as other anxiety indicators in nursing students.
Abbreviations
EFT emotional freedom techniques, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, SUD Subjective Units of Distress, PTSD Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, EEG Electroencephalography
Citation (APA Style): Irmak Vural, P., Körpe, G., & Inangil, D. (2019). Emotional freedom techniques (EFT) to reduce exam anxiety in Turkish nursing students. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 32, 101002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101002
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876382019302501?via%3Dihub
Emotional Freedom Technique for Stress Reduction in Nursing Students: A Pilot Project
Abstract
Background: College-aged adults, particularly nursing students, experience high stress levels, which can detrimentally affect their academic success. Although current mental health interventions on college campuses are effective, they are hindered by cost and time constraints. However, the emotional freedom technique is a cost-effective, evidence-based technique that can be tailored to individual needs, making it a practical and promising solution for stress management.
Method: This quasiexperimental pilot project examined the feasibility of using the emotional freedom technique for stress reduction in first-semester nursing students. Participants attended emotional freedom technique sessions for 13 weeks. The Subjective Units of Distress Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used to assess distress and perceived stress levels.
Results: The emotional freedom technique was a feasible and effective stress reduction technique.
Conclusion: The emotional freedom technique may provide a novel strategy for reducing stress and distress in nursing students in an academic setting.
Citation (APA Style): Hendricks-Patel, S., & Harvey, K. (2025). Emotional freedom technique for stress reduction in nursing students: A pilot project. Journal of Nursing Education, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20250108-03
Direct link: https://journals.healio.com/doi/full/10.3928/01484834-20250108-03
Using Energy Psychology to Remediate Emotional Wounds Rooted in Childhood Trauma: Preliminary Clinical Guidelines
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood, such as violence, abuse, severe neglect, or mental health problems in caregivers. The negative physical and mental health consequences of severe or multiple ACEs provide a major challenge for the health care community. Psychotherapies that utilize a mind–body approach in treating ACE-related conditions are seen by their proponents as having advantages for bringing healing and restoration compared with talk, introspective, interpersonal, and exposure therapies that do not intervene at the body level, as famously encapsulated by Bessel van der Kolk’s observation that “the body keeps the score.” A mind–body approach whose use has been rapidly increasing in clinical settings as well as on a self-help basis is called “energy psychology.” Energy psychology combines conventional therapeutic techniques such as cognitive restructuring and psychological exposure with the stimulation of acupuncture points (acupoints) by tapping on them. A review of the development, efficacy, and plausible mechanisms of energy psychology is presented, and several strengths are enumerated, such as how integrating acupoint tapping into conventional exposure methods enhances the speed and power of outcomes. The impact of energy psychology protocols on the three brain networks most centrally involved with ACEs is also examined. Finally, recommendations are offered for using an energy psychology approach at each stage of therapy with individuals who have endured severe or multiple ACES, from establishing a therapeutic alliance to assessment to treatment to follow-up.
Citation (APA Style): Feinstein, D. (2023b). Using energy psychology to remediate emotional wounds rooted in childhood trauma: Preliminary clinical guidelines. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277555
Direct link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277555/full
The Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques for Optimal Test Performance
Abstract
Test anxiety causes, effects and interventions have been widely studied. This study seeks to determine the efficacy of a single brief intervention “Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)” to support the ability to shift attention appropriately to achieve optimal levels of both test anxiety and test performance.
The initial sample consisted of 168 undergraduates from three universities in the Inland Northwest USA who were randomly assigned to 3 different groups. Group 1 learned EFT, Group 2 learned Diaphragmatic Breathing (DB), and Group 3 served as a no-treatment control. Participants in the two experimental groups received two 2-hour lessons.
The Sarason Reactions To Tests (RTT), Symptom Assessment -45 Questionnaire (SA-45) and Westside Test Anxiety Scale instruments, as well as a 5-item self-care questionnaire and a request for a qualitative list of individual, test-related concerns, were administered as pre- and post- measures, with a second follow-up at the end of the semester.
Subsequent ANOVAs revealed significant improvements in both the DB and EFT groups on most measures, with gains maintained on follow-up.
Citation (APA Style): Jain, S., & Rubino, A. (2012). The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques for optimal test performance. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 4(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.9769/EPJ.2012.4.2.SJ
‘Our Mind Could Be Our Biggest Challenge’: A Qualitative Analysis of Urban Adolescents’ Sleep Experiences and Opportunities for Mind-Body Integrative Health Approaches to Improve Sleep
Abstract
Objective: To inform the development of a combined sleep and mind-body integrative health (MBIH) intervention, we explored urban adolescents' sleep experiences and perceptions of MBIH techniques.
Methods: We conducted eight focus groups with school-based health center patients in New York City, exploring sleep experiences; mindfulness, body awareness, tapping, acupressure, and self-hypnosis; and intervention delivery preferences. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed the discussions applying methods from grounded theory.
Results: Participants (n = 25) were ages 14-17, predominantly female (64%), Latino (60%), and Black (40%). Participants reported social, physical, and internal sleep barriers, but had limited success implementing sleep improvement strategies. Participants viewed MBIH techniques positively, noted audio-guided techniques' accessibility, and were intrigued by less-familiar techniques. Preferences varied around domains of intervention delivery.
Conclusion: Results underscore the need for adolescent-informed interventions offering sleep improvement strategies. Participants' interest and willingness to engage in MBIH techniques present an opportunity for practitioners to develop and deliver sleep interventions incorporating MBIH components to urban adolescents. Varied intervention preferences highlight the need to be adaptable to adolescents' lived experiences, comfort levels, and learning styles.
Citation (APA Style): Maier, M. C., Scharf, J. Y., Gold, M. A., Ancheta, A. J., Bruzzese, J.-M., & Garbers, S. (2023). “Our mind could be our biggest challenge”: A qualitative analysis of urban adolescents’ sleep experiences and opportunities for mind-body integrative health approaches to improve sleep. PEC Innovation, 2, 100130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100130
Direct link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772628223000109?via%3Dihub
Emotional Freedom Techniques: Stress and Anxiety Management for Students and Staff in School Settings
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), more commonly known as tapping, is an emerging, research-based intervention that has been found to be an effective stress and anxiety management tool for students and school personnel. EFT uses cognitive behavior therapy techniques, such as awareness building, imaginal exposure, reframing of interpretation, and systematic desensitization, while teaching the individual to self-stimulate protocol-identified acupoints. The use of EFT with children and adolescents is relatively new, and therefore, research on its effectiveness is limited. Within the last decade, initial results have indicated that EFT assists students in reducing anxiety and the fear of failure and in improving self-esteem and compassion within a few sessions. This chapter examines relevant EFT research and the use of EFT with school-age children and adolescents. In addition, it discusses the importance of formal training in EFT for school practitioners and ethical considerations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H. (2020). Emotional freedom techniques: Stress and anxiety management for students and staff in school settings. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 283–297). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-020
Direct link: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-51669-020
Reducing Mathematics Anxiety Among Students With Pseudo-dyscalculia in Ibadan Through Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom Techniques: Moderating Effect of Mathematics Efficacy
Abstract
Anxiety in mathematics is a critical challenge facing secondary school students in Nigeria. Previous studies with focus on the improvement of this challenge are scarce. Specifically, there is paucity of studies using Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom techniques in solving the above challenges, This study therefore investigated the effects of numerical cognition and emotional freedom techniques on mathematics anxiety among non-science students with pseudo-dyscalculia in Oyo State. Pretest, post-test, control group quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. One hundred and two students were sampled through simple random sampling. Mathematics Anxiety Scale (α = 0.89), Mathematics Efficacy (α = 0.86) and Pseudo-dyscalculia scale (α = 0.93) were administered to obtain data for the study. Therapeutic packages used for the intervention were Numerical Cognition and Emotional Freedom. Seven hypotheses were tested at 0.01 level of significance. Data was analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed main effect of treatment on Mathematics Anxiety; F (2,109) = 173.020, p<.01. Meridian-Based intervention was more effective (mean = 33.78) than Numerical cognition (mean = 45.35) in the reduction of Mathematics anxiety. There was significant main effect ; F(1, 109 = 21.00, p<.01); interactive effect F(2, 109 = 6.116, p<.01 of mathematics efficacy and Treatment on mathematics anxiety of the participants. The two packages were effective in reducing mathematics anxiety among the participants. Based on the findings, Educational Psychologists, Counselling Psychologist and other educational related bodies could adopt the packages for educational diagnosis to improve academic performance of students with academic phobia.
Citation (APA Style): Taiwo, A. K., & Aremu, A. O. (2014). Reducing mathematics anxiety among students with pseudo-dyscalculia in ibadan through numerical cognition and emotional freedom techniques: Moderating effect of mathematics efficacy. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 17(1), 113.
Effectiveness of Tapping Therapy for the Treatment of Anxiety Among University Students
Abstract
Background: Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), otherwise called tapping, is a developing psychological treatment based on tapping therapy that has been utilized to treat an assortment of conditions, including anxiety. Study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional freedom technique as a tapping therapy for the treatment of anxiety among female university students.
Method: Quasi experimental design was used. Study was conducted at International Islamic University, from October 2018 to December 2018. Following convenience sampling, a sample of seventy female university students (N=70) with age range of 18 to 25 years was selected from International Islamic university, Islamabad out of 100 students (N=100) based on inclusion criteria. Following a pre-test and post-test design, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered before and after implementation of emotional freedom technique in order to determine the anxiety i-e State- Anxiety and Trait-Anxiety.
Results: For Data Analysis, in SPSS 23, paired sample t-test was used. Paired sample t-test indicated a significant pre and post test difference in the state and trait anxiety levels in female university students (p<.001)
Conclusion: Thus, using Emotional freedom technique as a tapping therapy can decrease state and trait anxiety among university students.
Citation (APA Style): Syeda Ayat-e-Zainab, A., & Loona, M. I. (2019). Effectiveness of tapping therapy for the treatment of anxiety among university students: Effectiveness of tapping therapy for the treatment of anxiety among university students. Pakistan Journal of Physiology, 15(2), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v15i2.1037
Direct link: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/1037
Emotional Freedom Techniques (Tapping) to Improve Wellbeing and Reduce Anxiety in Primary School Classrooms
Abstract
The use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) as a class exercise was investigated to ascertain its effectiveness for student wellbeing. Although EFT has been validated in clinical settings, studies have not yet established whether this approach could be applied in classrooms to curb anxiety and improve wellbeing. A pragmatic, mixed methods study was conducted with 138 students in northern Australian primary schools. Student anxiety dissipated over two stages of intervention. Aside from class tapping sessions, students sometimes tapped surreptitiously, and teachers applied tapping for themselves on occasions. Students generally preferred a quieter, individual approach during class tapping sessions. Broader themes derived from student and teacher data suggested that tapping is a mechanism for change, the skills are transferable, and unsurprisingly, tapping is not always effective. EFT supports social and emotional learning and aligns with the Australian school curriculum. Findings suggest EFT used in classrooms can benefit students and teachers.
Citation (APA Style): Lambert, M., Smith, S., Moss, S., & Kirshbaum, M. (2022). Emotional freedom techniques (tapping) to improve wellbeing and reduce anxiety in primary school classrooms. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 47(3), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2022v47n3.5
Direct link: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1357704.pdf
Research Review: Psychological and Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Young people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially chronic and disabling disorder that affects a significant minority of youth exposed to trauma. Previous studies have concluded that trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) is an effective treatment for PTSD in youth, but the relative strengths of different psychological therapies are poorly understood.
Methods: We undertook a systematic review and network meta-analyses of psychological and psychosocial interventions for children and young people with PTSD. Outcomes included PTSD symptom change scores post-treatment and at 1-4-month follow-up, and remission post-treatment.
Results: We included 32 trials of 17 interventions and 2,260 participants. Overall, the evidence was of moderate-to-low quality. No inconsistency was detected between direct and indirect evidence. Individual forms of TF-CBT showed consistently large effects in reducing PTSD symptoms post-treatment compared with waitlist. The order of interventions by descending magnitude of effect versus waitlist was as follows: cognitive therapy for PTSD (SMD -2.94, 95%CrI -3.94 to -1.95), combined somatic/cognitive therapies, child-parent psychotherapy, combined TF-CBT/parent training, meditation, narrative exposure, exposure/prolonged exposure, play therapy, Cohen TF-CBT/cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), parent training, group TF-CBT, supportive counselling and family therapy (SMD -0.37, 95%CrI -1.60 to 0.84). Results for parent training, supportive counselling and family therapy were inconclusive. Cohen TF-CBT/CPT, group TF-CBT and supportive counselling had the largest evidence base. Results regarding changes in PTSD symptoms at follow-up and remission post-treatment were uncertain due to limited evidence.
Conclusions: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, in particular individual forms, appears to be most effective in the management of PTSD in youth. EMDR is effective but to a lesser extent. Supportive counselling does not appear to be effective. Results suggest a large positive effect for emotional freedom technique, child-parent psychotherapy, combined TF-CBT/parent training, and meditation, but further research is needed to confirm these findings as they were based on very limited evidence.
Citation (APA Style): Mavranezouli, I., Megnin‐Viggars, O., Daly, C., Dias, S., Stockton, S., Meiser‐Stedman, R., Trickey, D., & Pilling, S. (2019). Psychological and psychosocial treatments for children and young people with post‐traumatic stress disorder: A network meta‐analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13094
Direct link: https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.13094
Single-Session Reduction of the Intensity of Traumatic Memories in Abused Adolescents After EFT: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Abstract
The population for this study was drawn from an institution to which juveniles are sent by court order if they are found by a judge to be physically or psychologically abused at home. Sixteen males, aged 12-17, were randomized into two groups. They were assessed using subjective distress (SUD), and the Impact of Events Scale (IES), which measures two components of PTSD: intrusive memories and avoidance symptoms. The experimental group was treated with a single session of EFT (emotional freedom techniques), a brief and novel exposure therapy that has been found efficacious in reducing PTSD and co-occurring psychological symptoms in adults, but has not been subject to empirical assessment in juveniles. The wait list control group received no treatment. Thirty days later, participants were reassessed. No improvement occurred in the wait list (IES total mean pre = 32 SD ± 4.82, post = 31 SD ± 3.84). Posttest scores for all experimental-group participants improved to the point where all were nonclinical on the total score, as well as the intrusive and avoidant symptom subscales, and SUD (IES total mean pre = 36 SD ± 4.74, post = 3 SD ± 2.60, p < .001). These results are consistent with those found in adults, and indicates the utility of single-session EFT as a fast and effective intervention for reducing psychological trauma in juveniles.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., Piña, O., Reategui, C., & Brooks, A. (2012). Single-session reduction of the intensity of traumatic memories in abused adolescents after EFT: A randomized controlled pilot study. Traumatology, 18(3), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765611426788
Direct link: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1177%2F1534765611426788
Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques with a Recreational Plastic Expression Program in Post-Traumatic Stress of School Age Children Boarded for Abuse-Related Trauma
Abstract
We present an experimentally controlled and randomized investigation with pre- and post-trial results, carried out on 47 children boarded for abuse-related trauma in four different shelters. A gradual scale was utilized based on the DSM-5 criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The program included six sessions that implemented Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), together with recreational plastic expression. The Plastic Expression was appropriate, considering the under-developed verbal skills and the hypoactivation of the speech area under the PTSD, and it facilitated the approach of memories in a safe, group-oriented environment. The recreational usage brought along the comfort which in turn helped to counteract the avoidance present at the onset of the PTSD. The EFT gave way to a rapid decrease in the distress response and contributed to the immediate elaboration of memories. The program significantly decreased the level of the PTSD, facilitated learning of new and effective forms of coping, and contributed by opening the mind towards a personal life project.
Citation (APA Style): Trejos Parra, J. J., García Osorio, C. L., Vélez Vitola, O., & Muñoz García, M. (2020). Effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques with a recreational plastic expression program in post-traumatic stress of school age children boarded for abuse-related trauma. Psicología desde el Caribe, 37(1), 1–17.
Direct link: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-36013-003
Brief Group Intervention Using Emotional Freedom Techniques for Depression in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Two hundred thirty-eight first-year college students were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Thirty students meeting the BDI criteria for moderate to severe depression were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received four 90-minute group sessions of EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques), a novel treatment that combines exposure, cognitive reprocessing, and somatic stimulation. The control group received no treatment. Posttests were conducted 3 weeks later on those that completed all requirements (N = 18). The EFT group (n = 9) had significantly more depression at baseline than the control group (n = 9) (EFT BDI mean = 23.44, SD = 2.1 versus control BDI mean = 20.33, SD = 2.1). After controlling for baseline BDI score, the EFT group had significantly less depression than the control group at posttest, with a mean score in the “nondepressed” range (P = .001; EFT BDI mean = 6.08, SE = 1.8 versus control BDI mean = 18.04, SE = 1.8). Cohen′s d was 2.28, indicating a very strong effect size. These results are consistent with those noted in other studies of EFT that included an assessment for depression and indicate the clinical usefulness of EFT as a brief, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment.
Citation (APA Style): Church, D., De Asis, M. A., & Brooks, A. J. (2012). Brief group intervention using emotional freedom techniques for depression in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Depression Research and Treatment, 2012, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/257172
Direct link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/257172
Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique for Emotional Stability in Adolescent Prisoners
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of children in Indonesian prison in 2015 as many as 2,207 children. The impact of detention on children are psychological decline such as anger, anxiety, sadness, fear, disappointment, and other feelings that can cause changes in emotional stability. Therapy Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is one of the complementary therapies that can be administered to nursing improving emotional stability adolescent prisoners. To determine the effect of emotional stability EFT against child prisoners in LPKA Class II Yogyakarta.
Methods: This study design using pra-experimental approach to non equivalent control group design, purposive sampling with a sample of 32 respondents consisting of 16 respondents to the intervention group and 16 respondents to the control group. The research instrument used is Questionnaire Emotional Stability. Test analysis using Independent t test.
Results: The results showed that there are differences in average emotional stability between the intervention group and the control group with p = 0.000 (p <0.05).
Conclusions: EFT therapy is highly recommended as one of the nursing interventions to increase emotional stability in adolescents.
Citation (APA Style): Khoeriyah, S. M., Utami, D. P., & Istichomah, I. (2018). Effect of emotional freedom technique for emotional stability in adolescent prisoners. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic (INJEC), 3(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.24990/injec.v3i1.169
Befriending Anxiety to Reach Potential: Strategies to Empower Our Gifted Youth
Abstract
Gifted students can encounter anxiety-provoking stressors throughout their day. Developing effective anxiety management skills allows them to better navigate these challenges. Concepts from neuroscience help us better understand responses to anxiety and can assist gifted youth and those working with them in recognizing how and when to best apply anxiety management strategies. This article reviews these concepts and integrating them into the classroom environment to assist with this learning process. In addition, it examines an evidenced-based anxiety management intervention that has been found to be efficacious for gifted youth, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). Results of recent EFT research are reviewed and the steps to learning EFT are outlined.
Citation (APA Style): Gaesser, A. H. (2018). Befriending anxiety to reach potential: Strategies to empower our gifted youth. Gifted Child Today, 41(4), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076217518786983
Direct link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1076217518786983
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for Students’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is an evidence-based self-help therapeutic method and over 100 studies demonstrate its efficacy. However, information about the physiological effects of EFT is limited. The current study sought to elucidate EFTs mechanisms of action across the central nervous system (CNS) by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) and heart coherence (HC); the circulatory system using resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure (BP); the endocrine system using cortisol, and the immune system using salivary immunoglobulin A (SigA). The second aim was to measure psychological symptoms. Participants (N = 203) were enrolled in a 4-day training workshop held in different locations. At one workshop (n = 31), participants also received comprehensive physiological testing. Posttest, significant declines were found in anxiety (−40%), depression (−35%), posttraumatic stress disorder (−32%), pain (−57%), and cravings (−74%), all P < .000. Happiness increased (+31%, P = .000) as did SigA (+113%, P = .017). Significant improvements were found in RHR (−8%, P = .001), cortisol (−37%, P < .000), systolic BP (−6%, P = .001), and diastolic BP (−8%, P < .000). Positive trends were observed for HRV and HC and gains were maintained on follow-up, indicating EFT results in positive health effects as well as increased mental well-being.
Citation (APA Style): Bach, D., Groesbeck, G., Stapleton, P., Sims, R., Blickheuser, K., & Church, D. (2019). Clinical EFT (emotional freedom techniques) improves multiple physiological markers of health. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 24(24), 2515690X18823691. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X18823691
Direct link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6381429/
